Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The solar WIND and suprathermal ion composition investigation on the WIND spacecraft

  • Published:
Space Science Reviews Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Experiment (SMS) on WIND is designed to determine uniquely the elemental, isotopic, and ionic-charge composition of the solar wind, the temperatures and mean speeds of all major solar-wind ions, from H through Fe, at solar wind speeds ranging from 175 kms−1 (protons) to 1280 kms−1 (Fe+8), and the composition, charge states as well as the 3-dimensional distribution functions of suprathermal ions, including interstellar pick-up He+, of energies up to 230 keV/e. The experiment consists of three instruments with a common Data Processing Unit. Each of the three instruments uses electrostatic analysis followed by a time-of-flight and, as required, an energy measurement. The observations made by SMS will make valuable contributions to the ISTP objectives by providing information regarding the composition and energy distribution of matter entering the magnetosphere. In addition SMS results will have an impact on many areas of solar and heliospheric physics, in particular providing important and unique information on: (i) conditions and processes in the region of the corona where the solar wind is accelerated; (ii) the location of the source regions of the solar wind in the corona; (iii) coronal heating processes; (iv) the extent and causes of variations in the composition of the solar atmosphere; (v) plasma processes in the solar wind; (vi) the acceleration of particles in the solar wind; and (vii) the physics of the pick-up process of interstellar He as well as lunar particles in the solar wind, and the isotopic composition of interstellar helium.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balsiger, H., Eberhardt, P., Geiss, J., and Young, D. T.: 1980,J. Geophys. Res. 85, 1645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonifazo, C. and Moreno, G.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 4405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breneman, H. H. and Stone, E. C.: 1985,Astrophys. J. 299, L57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bürgi, A. and Geiss, J.: 1986,Solar Phys. 103, 347.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burlaga, L. F.: 1984,Space Sci. Rev. 39, 255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappel, C. R., Moore, T. E., and Wait, J. H., Jr.: 1987,J. Geophys. Res. 92, 5896.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christon, S. P., Gloeckler, G., Williams, D. J., Mukai, T., McEntire, R. W., Jacquey, C., Angelopoulos, V., Lui, A. T. Y., Kokubun, S., Yamamoto, T., and Fairfield, D. H.: 1994, ‘Energetic Atomic and Molecular Ions of Ionospheric Origin Observed in Distant Magnetotail Flow-Reversal Events’,Geophys. Res. Letters (in press).

  • Fisk, L. A.: 1978,Astrophys. J. 224, 1048.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galvin, A. B., Ipavich, F. M., Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., Bame, S. J., Klecker, B., Scholer, M., and Tsurutani, B. T.: 1987,J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12069.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geiss, J., Bühler, F., Cerutti, H., Eberhardt, P., and Filleux, C.: 1972, ‘Sec. 14 of the Apollo 16 Preliminary Science Report’, NASA SP-315

  • Geiss, J. and Bürgi, A.: 1986,Astron. Astrophys. 159, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G.: 1977, ‘A Versatile Detector System to Measure the Charge States, Mass Compositions, and Energy Spectra of Interplanetary and Magnetospheric Ions’, University of Maryland, Technical Report TR 77-043 (unpublished).

  • Gloeckler, G.: 1990,Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G. and Geiss, J.: 1989, in J. C. Wadding (eds.), ‘The Abundances of Elements and Isotopes in the Solar Wind’,Cosmic Abundances of Matter, AIP Conf. Proceedings 183, 49.

  • Gloeckler, G. and Hamilton, D. C.: 1987,Physic Script T18, 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G. and Hsieh, K. C.: 1979,Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 165, 537.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Balsiger, H., Fisk, L. A., Gliem, F., Ipavich, F. M., Ogilvie, K. W., Stüdemann, W., and Wilken, B.: 1983, ‘The Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer’,ESA Spec. Publ. SP-1050 77.

  • Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., Ipavich, F. M., Scholar, M., Klecker, B., and Galvin, A. B.: 1986,Geophys. Res. Letters 13, 251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., Hamilton, D. C., Wilken, B., and Kremser, G.: 1989,EOS Trans. 70, 424.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Balsiger, H., Bedini, P., Cain, J. C., Fisher, J., Fisk, L. A., Galvin, A. B., Gliem, F., Hamilton, D. C., Hollweg, J. V., Ipavich, F. M., Joos, R., Livi, S., Lundgren, R., McKenzie, J. F., Mall, U., Ogilvie, K. W., Ottens, F., Rieck, W., Tums, E. O., von Steiger, R., Weiss, W., and Wilken, B.: 1992,Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 92, 267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Balsiger, H., Fisk, L. A., Galvin, A. B., Ipavich, F. M., Ogilvie, K. W., von Steiger, R., and Wilken, B.: 1993,Science 261, 70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Roelof, E. C., Fisk, L. A., Ipavich, F. M., Ogilvie, K. W., Lanzerotti, L. J., von Steiger, R., and Wilken, B.: 1994,J. Geophys. Res. 99, 17637.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, D. C., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, G. M., Lundgren, R. A., Sheldon, R. B., and Hovestadt, D.: 1990,Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61(10), 3104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilchenbach, M., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., and Möbius, E.: 1991, in E. Marsch and G. Schwenn (eds.), ‘Detection of Singly Ionized Energetic Lunar Pick-Up Ions Upstream of the Earth's Bow Shock’,Proceedings Solar Wind Seven, Pergamon Press, p. 349.

  • Hilchenbach, M., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., and Möbius, E.: 1992,Adv. Space Res. 13, 321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollweg, J. V.: 1978,Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 16, 689.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hundhausen, A., Gilbert, H., and Bame, S.: 1968,J. Geophys. Res. 73, 5485.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipavich, F. M., Lundgren, R. A., Lambird, B. A., and Gloeckler, G.: 1978,Nucl. Inst. and Meth. 154, 291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipavich, F. M., Galvin, A. B., Gloeckler, G., Scholer, M., and Hovestadt, D.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 4337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ipavich, F. M., Galvin, A. B., Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., and Scholer, M.: 1986,Science 232, 366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenberg, P. A.: 1991,J. Geophys. Res. 96, 155.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isenberg, P. A. and Hollweg, J. V.: 1983,J. Geophys. Res. 88, 3923.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanzerotti, L. J., Gold, R. E., Anderson, K. A., Armstrong, T. P., Lin, R. P., Krimigis, S. M., Pick, M., Roelof, E. C., Sarris, E. T., Simnett, G. M., and Frain, W. E.: 1992,Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 92, 349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lennartson, W. and Shelley, E. G.: 1986,J. Geophys. Res. 91, 3061.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogilvie, K. W., Bochsler, P., Geiss, J., and Coplan, M. A.: 1980,J. Geophys. Res. 85, 6069.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paschmann, G., Sckopke, N., Papamastorakis, I., Asbridge, J. R., Bame, S. J., and Gosling, J. T.: 1981,J. Geophys. Res. 86, 4355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reames, D. V., Richardson, I. G., and Barbier, L. M.: 1991,Astrophys. J. 382, L43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarris, E. T., Krimigis, S. M., Bostrom, C. O., and Armstrong, T. P.: 1978,J. Geophys. Res. 83, 4289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, W. K. H., Rosenbauer, H., Shelley, E. G., and Geiss, J.: 1980,Geophys. Res. Letters 7, 697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tan, L. C., Mason, G. M., Klecker, B., and Hovestadt, D.: 1989,Astrophys. J. 345, 572.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Steiger, R. and Geiss, J.: 1989,Astron. Astrophys. 225, 222.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Steiger, R., Christon, S. P., Gloeckler, G., and Ipavich, F. M.: 1992,Astrophys. J. 389, 791.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vauclair, S. and Meyer, J.-P.: 1985, ‘Diffusion in the Chromosphere, and the Composition of the Solar Corona and Energetic Particles’,Proceedings 19th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 4, 233.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, D. J., McEntire, R. W., Schlemm, C., II, Lui, A. T. Y., Gloeckler, G., Christon, S. P., and Gliem, F.: 1994,J. Geomagn. Geoelect. 46, 39.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA

    G. Gloeckler, A. B. Galvin, D. C. Hamilton, F. M. Ipavich, R. A. Lundgren & R. B. Sheldon

  2. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland

    H. Balsiger, A. Bürgi, P. Bochsler, J. Geiss & R. B. Sheldon

  3. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    L. A. Fisk

  4. Institut für Datenverarbeitungsanlagen, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    F. Gliem

  5. High Altitude Observatory (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA

    T. E. Holzer

  6. Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, Germany

    D. Hovestadt

  7. Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany

    E. Kirsch & B. Wilken

  8. National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA

    K. W. Ogilvie

Authors
  1. G. Gloeckler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Balsiger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Bürgi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. Bochsler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. A. Fisk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. A. B. Galvin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. J. Geiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. F. Gliem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. D. C. Hamilton
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. T. E. Holzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. D. Hovestadt
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. F. M. Ipavich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. E. Kirsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. R. A. Lundgren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. K. W. Ogilvie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. R. B. Sheldon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. B. Wilken
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gloeckler, G., Balsiger, H., Bürgi, A. et al. The solar WIND and suprathermal ion composition investigation on the WIND spacecraft. Space Sci Rev 71, 79–124 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751327

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00751327

Keywords

Search

Navigation