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Characterization and evaluation of agroforestry systems: the case of Acosta-Puriscal, Costa Rica

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Summary

The characterization and evaluation of agroforestry systems is exemplified for the Acosta-Puriscal region in Costa Rica.

After the physio-biological and socio-economic description of the study region, it was stratified into two homogenous areas, and the prevailing agroforestry systems classified into the principal groups: 1. coffee and trees, 2. pasture and trees and, 3. live fences.

The analysis of agroforestry production systems recognizes the following steps: Identification of farmers' production objectives, identification of the elements in the system, study of relationships between elements, analysis of the performance of the system, and, finally, the analysis of production incentives of agroforestry systems.

Whereas classification of agroforestry systems has to be carried out according to the specific site conditions, the methodological approach used to analyse them can be applied generally.

First results of the analysis on coffee in combination with trees indicates that the coffee varietycaturra has a high production potential also in combination with trees. With an increasing number of shade and fruit trees, costs of external inputs can be slightly decreased. With an increased density of trees, however, coffee yields were decreased. Incremental yields of other crops and reduced costs of external inputs off-sets the loss in coffee-production.

Zusammenfassung

Die Charakterisierung und Beurteilung von agroforstwirtschaftlichen Anbausystemen wird am Beispiel der Region Acosta-Puriscal in Costa Rica, dargestellt.

Nach einer physisch-biologischen und sozio-ökonomischen Beschreibung der Untersuchungsregion wurde das Gesamtgebiet in zwei relativ homogene Zonen aufgeteilt und die vorhandenen agroforstwirtschaftlichen Anbausysteme in ihre wichtigsten Gruppen klassifiziert: 1. Kaffee und Bäume, 2. Weide und Bäume, und 3. lebende Zäune.

Die Analyse und Evaluierung der Anbausysteme erfolgt in folgenden Schritten: Zielanalyse, Identifizierung der wesentlichen Elemente, Untersuchung der Beziehungen zwischen den Elementen, Analyse der Zielerreichung und schliesslich Analyse der vorhandenen Produktionsanreize für agroforstwirtschaftliche Systeme. Während die Klassifizierung der Systeme immer lokalspezifisch durchgeführt werden muss, scheint das methodische Vorgehen der Analyse allgemein praktizierbar zu sein.

Die ersten Ergebnisse des Anbausystems ‘Kaffee und Bäume’ deuten darauf hin, dass die Kaffee-Varietät ‘Caturra’ in Verbindung mit Bäumen ein hohes Produktionspotential hat. Bei einem vermehrten Einsatz von Schatten — und Fruchtbäumen können die Kosten für, ‘externe inputs’ leicht verringert werden. Bei einer Kombination von Kaffee + Schatten + Fruchtbäume sinkt die Kaffeeproduktion der Varietät Caturra um etwa 14% ab, das Nettoeinkommen pro ha verringert sich jedoch nicht dank der zusätzlichen Produktion der Bäume und der insgesamt niedrigeren Produktionskosten.

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Agricultural Economist

Agro-Silviculturist Forest Expert

Projects: Farming Systems and Agroforestry at the Centro Tropical de Investigation y Enseñomza in cooperation with the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), Eschborn/W. Germany

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Lagemann, J., Heuveldop, J. Characterization and evaluation of agroforestry systems: the case of Acosta-Puriscal, Costa Rica. Agroforest Syst 1, 101–115 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596352

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