Characterisation of the mechanisms for hyperactivity induction from the nucleus accumbens by phenylethylamine derivatives

Abstract

A wide variety of phenylethylamine derivatives were injected bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens of rat following a nialamide pretreatment and hyperactivity was recorded. 2-Phenylethylamine was shown to induced a low intensity hyperactivity but the inrroduction of hydroxyl functions on to the phenyl ring at the 3- and/or 4-positions enhanced activity and m- and p-tyramine and dopamine each caused marked hyperactivity in the 0.4–25 μg dosage range. Methylation of one hydroxyl function reduced activity (3-methoxy-4-hydroxy- and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenylethylamine); 2(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) ethylamine was inactive. Agents with substitution of the side chain, such as noradrenaline, d-amphetamine and α-methyldopamine, were all shown to induced marked hyperactivity at doses of 1.6–25 μg. Alterations in the chain length markedly reduced activity (4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) butylamine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine). A variety of N-substituted compounds were shown to be potent inducers of hyperactivity from the nucleus accumbens (adrenaline, epinine, N-ethyldopamine, N-isopropyldopamine, isoprenaline) (0.2–25 μg). However, N-methyl-N-isopropyldopamine showed only weak activity and N,N-dimethyldopamine was inactive. All hyperactivity effects were shown to be dose-dependent. The hyperactivities induced by dopamine, noradrenaline and isoprenaline were each inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by subsequent injections of fluphenazine (1.25–25 μg) into the nucleus accumbens, although no reductions were recorded following similar injections of saline, solvent, 2% procaine, 50 μg propranolol or 50 μg piperoxan.