Skip to main content
Log in

Spruce needles: standards and real samples

  • Environmental And Marine RMs
  • Elemental Speciation And Trace Element Analysis
  • Published:
Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Spruce needles were sampled from stations over 6 different bedrocks and analyzed for 24 elements by neutron activation. The results were then compared to conifer needle Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), NIST SRM 1575 pine needles and BCR CRM 101 spruce needles. Values for Al, As, Br, Cr, Fe, La, Na, Sb, Sc, and Th are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher in the SRMs than in the actual samples, whereas the other investigated elements do not show this effect. The most probable reason for the discrepancy is the inclusion of external material with the SRMs. Some properties of this external material and the consequences of its presence on the investigation of spruce needles are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Guinn VP, Gavrilas M (1990) Fresenius J Anal Chem 338: 551–553

    Google Scholar 

  2. Griepink B (1991) Element concentrations in ecosystems, VCH Weinheim, pp 188–206

    Google Scholar 

  3. Wyttenbach A, Bajo S, Tobler L (1990) Biol Trace Elem Res 26/27:213–221

    Google Scholar 

  4. Griepink B, Maier EA, Muntau H (1990) EUR 12680 EN

  5. Bartels U (1991) Private communication

  6. Gladney ES, O'Malley BT, Roelandts I, Gills TE (1987) NBS Special Publication 260-111

  7. Lindstrom RM, Byrne AR, Becker DA, Smodis B, Garrity KM (1990) Fresenius J Anal Chem 338:569–571

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bartels U (1990) CLB Chemie in Labor und Biotechnik 41: 640–644

    Google Scholar 

  9. Wyttenbach A, Tobler L, Bajo S (1989) Toxical Environ Chem 25–33

  10. Wyttenbach A, Bajo S, Tobler L (1985) Plant Soil 85:313–325

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pfirrmann T, Albrecht U, Kloos M (1989) Air pollution and forest decline. EAFV Birmensdorf Switzerland, pp 499–502

  12. Robarge WP, Pye JM, Buck RT (1989) Plant Soil 114:19–34

    Google Scholar 

  13. Landolt W, Guecheva M, Bucher JB (1989) Environ Pollution 56:155–167

    Google Scholar 

  14. Lieth H, Markert B (1991) Element concentrations in ecosystems. VCH Weinheim, pp 3–14

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cape JN, Paterson IS, Wolfenden J (1989) Environ Pollution 58:325–342

    Google Scholar 

  16. Wyttenbach A, Tobler L, Bajo S (1987) J Aerosol Sci 18:609–612

    Google Scholar 

  17. Simmleit N, Rump HH, Schulten HR (1986) Staub 46:256–258

    Google Scholar 

  18. Günthardt MS, Wanner H (1982) Flora 172:125–137

    Google Scholar 

  19. Bagschik U, Quack D, Stoeppler M (1990) Fresenius J Anal Chem 338:386–389

    Google Scholar 

  20. Greenberg RR, Kingston HM, Watters RL, Pratt KW (1990) Fresenius J Anal Chem 338:394–398

    Google Scholar 

  21. Alfassi ZB, Wai CM (1992) Preconcentration techniques for trace elements. CRC Boca Raton, pp 15–18

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kurfürst U, Pauwels J, Grobecker K-H, Stoeppler M, Muntau H (1993) Fresenius J Anal Chem 345:112–120

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bennett JP (1945) Soil Sci 60:91–105

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wyttenbach, A., Bajo, S. & Tobler, L. Spruce needles: standards and real samples. Fresenius J Anal Chem 345, 294–297 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322614

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00322614

Keywords

Navigation