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The development of resistance to methotrexate in a mouse melanoma cell line

I. Characterisation of the dihydrofolate reductases and chromosomes in sensitive and resistant cells

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Abstract

PG19T3 mouse melanoma cells were selected for resistance to methotrexate. Nine sub-lines that are resistant to concentrations of methotrexate ranging from 1.27×10−7 M, to 1×10−4M methotrexate were selected and characterised in terms of their content of dihydrofolate reductase activity and their chromosomes. The intracellular level of dihydrofolate reductase activity increases with increasing resistance such that at the highest level of resistance PG19T3:MTXR 10−4 M cells contain approximately 1,000 fold more enzyme activity than the parental PG19T3 cells. It is shown that the enhanced activity is due to an increase in the amount of the enzyme rather than any structural change to the enzyme in resistant cellls. Comparisons of pH activity profiles, profiles under different activating conditions and titrations with methotrexate suggest that the sensitive and resistant cells contain identical dihydrofolate reductases. Analysis of the chromosomes of resistant cells shows the presence of up to 5 large marker chromosomes which contain homogeneously staining regions after G-banding. These same regions stain intensely after C-banding and fluoresce brightly after staining with Hoechst 33258. The size of homogeneously staining regions increases throughout the process of selection. For one marker chromosome this increase may have been mediated via a ring chromosome.

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Author notes

  1. N. G. L. Harding

    Present address: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, G4 OSF, Glasgow, Scotland

  2. P. M. Mounts

    Present address: Department of Microbiology, The John Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, 21205, Maryland, USA

  3. V. van Heyningen

    Present address: MRC Clinical and Population Cytogenetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, EH4 2XU, Edinburgh, Scotland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MRC Mammalian Genome Unit, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, EH9 3JT, Edinburgh, Scotland

    C. J. Bostock, E. M. Clark, N. G. L. Harding, P. M. Mounts, C. Tyler-Smith, V. van Heyningen & P. M. B. Walker

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  1. C. J. Bostock
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  2. E. M. Clark
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  3. N. G. L. Harding
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  4. P. M. Mounts
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  5. C. Tyler-Smith
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  6. V. van Heyningen
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  7. P. M. B. Walker
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Bostock, C.J., Clark, E.M., Harding, N.G.L. et al. The development of resistance to methotrexate in a mouse melanoma cell line. Chromosoma 74, 153–177 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292270

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