Summary
Seedlings of rice (IR42 and IR50) were aseptically dipped into Azospirillum lipoferum strain 34H suspension under dark, and the presence of bacteria on the differentiating regions of rice roots was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The bacterium did not colonize the root tips of IR42, while it colonized this region in the case of IR50, within 24 h after inoculation. In the early stages, most of the bacteria were embedded in the ruptured mucigel below the root cap cells of IR42. Mucigel was hardly detectable in IR50. While the root hair primordia of IR50 were colonized heavily with the bacterium within 24 h, the root hairs of IR42 were colonized 48 and 72 h after inoculation. This phenomenon in relation to plant varietal differences was discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asanuma S, Tanaka H, Yatazawa M (1979) Rhizoplane microorganisms of rice seedlings as examined by scanning electron microscopy. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 25:539–551
Balandreau J, Knowles R (1978) The rhizosphere. In: Dommergues Y, Krupa SV (eds) Interactions between non-pathogenic soil microorganisms and plants. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 243–268
Barraquio WL, Ladha JK, Watanabe I (1983) Isolation and identification of N2-fixing Pseudomonas associated with wetland rice. Can J Microbiol 29:867–873
Bowen GD, Rovira AD (1976) Microbial colonization of plant roots. Ann Rev Phytopathol 14:121–144
Dart PJ (1971) Scanning electron microscopy of plant roots. J Exp Bot 22:163–168
Dazzo FB, Napoli CA, Hubbell DH (1976) Adsorption of bacteria to roots as related to host specificity in the Rhizobium-clover symbiosis. Appl Environ Microbiol 32:166–171
Diem G, Rougier M, Hamad-Fares, Balandreau JP, Dommergues, YR (1978) Colonization of rice roots by diazotroph bacteria. In: Granhall U (ed) Environmental role of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae and asymbiotic bacteria. Ecol Bull (Stockholm) 26:305–311
Hubbell DH, Gaskins MH (1984) Associative N2 fixation with Azospirillum. In: Alexander M (ed) Biological N2 fixation: ecology, technology and physiology. Plenum Press, New York, pp 201–224
Kapulnik Y, Okon Y, Henis Y (1985) Changes in root morphology of wheat caused by Azospirillum inoculation. Can J Microbiol 31:881–887
Kumari LM, Kavimandan SK, Subba Rao NS (1976) Occurrence of nitrogen-fixing Spirillum in roots of rice, sorghum, maize and other plants. Indian J Exp Biol 19:638–639
Ladha JK, Barraquio WL, Watanabe I (1982) Immunological techniques to identify Azospirillum associated with wetland rice. Can J Microbiol 28:478–485
Ladha JK, Barraquio WL, Watanabe I (1983) Isolation and identification of nitrogen-fixing Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella planticola associated with rice plants. Can J Microbiol 29:1301–1308
Lindberg T, Granhall U, Tomenius K (1985) Infectivity and acetylene reduction of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions. Biol Fertil Soils 1:123–129
Mandimba G, Heulin T, Bally R, Guckert A, Balandreau J (1986) Chemotaxis of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria towards maize mucilage. Plant and Soil 90:129–139
Nayak D, Rao VR (1977) Nitrogen fixation by Spirillum sp. from rice roots. Arch Microbiol 115:359–360
Nishizawa N, Yoshida T, Arima Y (1983) Electron microscopic study of associative N2-fixing bacteria in roots of rice seedlings. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 29:261–270
Old KM, Nicolson TH (1975) Electron microscopic studies of the microflora of roots of sand dune grasses. New Phytol 74:51–58
Rovira AD (1956) A study of the development of the root surface microflora during the initial stages of plant growth. J Appl Bacteriol 19:72–79
Rovira AD (1969) Plant root exudates. Bot Rev 35:35–57
Silva MFS Da, Dobereiner J (1978) Occurrence of Azospirillum sp. in soils and roots. In: Dobereiner J, Burris RH, Hollaender A (eds) Limitations and potentials for biological nitrogen fixation in the tropics. Plenum Press, New York, p 372
Tabary F, Balandreau J, Bourillon R (1984) Purification of the rice embryo lectin and its binding to nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the rhizosphere of rice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 119:549–555
Thomas-Bauzon D, Weinhard P, Villecourt P, Balandreau J (1982) The spermosphere model. 1. Its use in growing, counting and isolating N2-fixing bacteria from the rhizosphere of rice. Can J Microbiol 28:922–928
Trolldenier G, Hecht-Buchholz C (1984) Effect of aeration status of nutrient solution on microorganisms, mucilage and ultrastructure of wheat roots. Plant and Soil 80:381–390
Umali-Garcia M, Hubbell DH, Gaskins MH, Dazzo FB (1980) Association of Azospirillum with grass roots. Appl Environ Microbiol 39:219–226
Villecourt P, Martel MH, Mandimba G, Heulin T, Balandreau J (1986) Maize root tips attract Azospirillum (videotape). Plant and Soil 90:457
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Murty, M.G., Ladha, J.K. Differential colonization of Azospirillum lipoferum on roots of two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Biol Fert Soils 4, 3–7 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280343
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280343