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Hybridization of some Trifolium species through stylar temperature treatments

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Summary

Plants of seven perennial Trifolium species were interspecifically pollinated. The female flowers opened at 40 °C, and the male flowers opened in the greenhouse or field without a temperature treatment. T. pratense was pollinated with T. ambiguum, T. hirtum, T. ochroleucum, T. rubens, T. sarosiense, and T. medium. T. medium was pollinated with T. pratense. Seeds were obtained from all pollinations ; however, 86 of the progeny were morphologically and cytologically similar to their female parent, and probably resulted from self-fertilization. Many seeds of possible hybrid origin were small and/or did not germinate. Some seeds produced weak or albino seedlings which died at an early age. Excised pistils of T. medium from flowers that opened at 40 °C were more compatible with pollen of T. pratense than pistils of T. medium that developed in the field, indicating that the elevated temperature caused greater hybrid seed production than was observed in our earlier studies. The high temperature technique may prove useful in obtaining hybrids in Trifolium.

Zusammenfassung

In der Gattung Trifolium ist sowohl nach Selbstung als auch nach Artkreuzungen häufig Inkompatibilität zu beobachten. Es wird über Untersuchungen berichtet, durch Wärmebehandlung während der Blüte die Inkompatibilität zu überwinden.

Zu diesen Zweck wurden die Blüten der mütterlichen Eltern einer Temperatur von 40 °C ausgesetzt und danach mit Pollen von unbehandelten Pflanzen bestäubt, die auf dem Feld oder im Gewächshaus aufblühten: Trifolium pratense wurde mit T. ambiguum, T. hirtum, T. ochroleucum, T. rubens, T. sarosiense und T. medium bestäubt, T. medium mit T. pratense. Aus allen Bestäubungen wurden Samen erhalten. 86% der Nachkommen entsprachen jedoch morphologisch und cytologisch ihrem mütterlichen Elter und waren vermutlich das Ergebnis einer Selbstbefruchtung. Viele Samen, die möglicherweise aus Kreuzungen stammten, waren klein und/oder keimten nicht. Aus einigen Samen erwuchsen schwache oder albino-Sämlinge, die bald abstarben. Griffel von T. medium, die aus Blüten herausgelöst wurden, die sich bei 40 °C geöffnet hatten, waren für Pollen von T. pratense verträglicher als Griffel, die sich auf dem Felde entwickelten. Dieser Befund läßt den Schluß zu, daß die höhere Temperatur einen besseren Hybridsamenansatz bewirkt hat, als er in unseren früheren Untersuchungen beobachtet wurde. Eine Temperaturbehandlung kann sich demnach bei Trifolium für eine Erzeugung von Hybriden als günstig erweisen.

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Communicated by R. W. Allard

Cooperative investigations of the Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Part of a thesis submitted by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree. This paper (No. 69-3-126) is published with permission of the Director, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station, Lexington, Ky. 40506.

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Newton, D.L., Kendall, W.A. & Taylor, N.L. Hybridization of some Trifolium species through stylar temperature treatments. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 40, 59–62 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00277271

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