Abstract
An analysis of the genome structure of soybean cultivars was conducted to determine if cultivars are composed of large regions of chromosomes inherited intact from one parent (indicative of minimal recombination) or if the chromosomes are a mixture of one parent's DNA interspersed with the DNA from the other parent (indicative of maximal recombination). Twenty-one single-cross-derived and 5 single-backcross-derived soybean cultivars and their immediate parents (47 genotypes) were analyzed at 89 RFLP loci to determine the minimal number and distribution of recombination events detected. Cultivars derived from single-cross and single-backcross breeding programs showed an average of 5.2 and 8.0 recombination events per cultivar, respectively. A homogeneity Chi-square test based upon a Poisson distribution of recombination events across 13 linkage groups indicated that the number of recombinations observed among linkage groups was random for the single-cross cultivars, but not for the single-backcross-derived cultivars. A twotailed t-test demonstrated that for some linkage groups, the number of recombinations per map unit exceeded the confidence interval developed from a t-distribution of recombinations standardized for map unit distance. Paired t-tests of the number of recombinations observed between linkage-group ends and the mid-portion of the linkage groups indicated that during the development of the cultivars analyzed in this study more recombinations were associated with the ends of linkage groups than with the middle region. Detailed analysis of each linkage group revealed that large portions of linkage groups D, F, and G were inherited intact from one parent in several cultivars. A portion of linkage group G, in contrast, showed more recombination events than expected, based on genetic distance. These analyses suggest that breeders may have selected against recombination events where agronomically favorable combinations of alleles are present in one parent, and for recombination in areas where agronomically favorable combinations of alleles are not present in either parent.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bailey N (1961) Introduction to the mathematical theory of genetic linkage. Oxford, Clarendon Press
Bridges CB (1915) A linkage variation in drosophila. J Exp Zool 19:1–21
Boutin S, Young N, Shoemaker RC, Lorenzen LL (1995) Markerbased pedigrees and graphical genotypes generated by supergene software. Crop Sci 35:1703–1707
Carter TE Jr, Gizlice J, Burton JW (1993) Coefficient-of-parentage and genetic-similarity estimates for 258 North Americal soybean cultivars released by public agencies during 1945–88. US Dep Agric Tech Bull No. 1814
Chandley A, Mitchell A (1988) Hypervariable minisatellite regions are sites for crossing-over at meiosis in man. Cytogenet Cell Genet 40:152–165
Chinnici JP (1971) Modification of recombination frequency in drosophila. II. The polygenic control of crossing over. Genetics 69:85–96
Dayal N (1976) Cytogenetical studies in the inbred lines of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var ‘radicola’ Pers.) and their hybrids II. Genetic regulation of chiasma frequency. Cytologia 42:273–278
Farcy E, Mousset C, Maizonnier D, Cornu A (1986) Genetic regulation of meiotic recombination in Petunia hybrida. In: Horn W (ed) Genetic manipulation in plant breeding: proc int syrnp EUCARPIA. Berlin, pp 145–147
Herickhoff L, Stack S, Sherman L (1993) The relationship between synapsis, recombination nodules and chiasmata in tomato translocation heterozygotes. Heredity 71:373–385
Keim P, Shoemaker R, Palmer R (1989) Restriction fragment length polymorphism diversity in soybean. Theor Appl Genet 77: 786–792
Kimura M (1956) A model of a genetic system which leads to closer linkage by natural selection. Evolution 10:278–287
Kwen SH (1923) Interrelations of genetic factors in barley. Genetics 9:151–181
Lorenzen LL, Boutin S, Young N, Specht JE, Shoemaker RC (1995) Soybean pedigree analysis using map-based molecular markers I. Tracking chromosomal regions. Crop Sci 35:1326–1336
Lukaszewski A, Curtis C (1993) Physical distribution of recombination in B-genome chromosomes of tetraploid wheat. Theor Appl Genet 86:121–127
Morgan TH (1911) Complete linkage in the second chromosome of the male of drosophila. Science 23:7119–7120
Nei M (1967) Modification of linkage intensity by natural selection. Genetics 57:625–641
Nei M (1968) Evolutionary change of linkage intensity. Nature 218:1160–1161
O'Brien SJ (1993) Genetic maps, 6th edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
Pfeiffer TW, Vogt SD (1989) Recombination rate and the selfing environment. Soybean Genet News 116:138–140
Pfeiffer TW (1993) Recombination rates of soybean varieties from different periods of introduction and release. Theor Appl Genet 86:557–561
Rao VR, Murty BR (1972) Fractional diallele analysis of regulation of recombination in Triticum aestivum L. Cytologia 57:83–93
Sall T, Nilsson NO (1994) Crossover distribution in barley analysed through RFLP linkage data. Theor Appl Genet 89:211–216
SAS (1989) User's guide, version 2. SAS Institute, Cary, N.C.
Shoemaker RC, Olson TC (1993) Molecular linkage map of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In: O'Brien SJ (ed) Genetic maps: locus maps of complex genomes. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. pp 6.149–6.156
Shoemaker RC, Guffy RD, Lorenzen LL, Specht JE (1992) Molecular genetic mapping of soybean: map utilization. Crop Sci 32: 1091–1098
Specht JE, Williams JH (1984) Contribution of genetic technology to soybean productivity-retrospect and prospect. In: Fehr WR (ed) Genetic contributions to yield gains of five major crop plants. ASA and CCSA, Madison, Wi., pp 49–74
Stadler LJ (1925) The variability of crossing over in maize. Genetics 11:1–9
Steel R, Torrie J (1980) Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Publ, New York
Sturtevant AH (1913) Sex-linked factors in drosophila. J Exp Zool 14:45–59
Xu X, Hsia A-P, Zheng L, Nikolau B, Schanable P (1995) Meiotic recombination breakpoints resolve at high rates at the 5' end of a maize coding sequence. Plant Cell 7:1251–2161
Yu M-H, Peterson P (1973) Influence of chromosomal gene position on intragenic recombination in maize. Theor Appl Genet 43:121–133
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by A. L. Kahler
Names are necessary to report factually on the available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be available. Contribution of the Midwest Area, USDA-ARS, Project No. 3236 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA 50011. Journal Paper No. J-16533
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lorenzen, L.L., Lin, S.F. & Shoemaker, R.C. Soybean pedigree analysis using map-based molecular markers: recombination during cultivar development. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 93, 1251–1260 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223457
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223457