Skip to main content
Log in

On the dynamic organization of memory

A mathematical model of associative free recall

  • Published:
Biological Cybernetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The interaction of memory structures and retrieval dynamics is discussed. A mathematical model for associative free recall is presented to support the view that the organization of simple processing units plays an important role in the retrieval of memory traces. Computer simulations show that “flexibility” and “fidelity” of the dynamics strongly depend on the network structure, the amplification and decay parameters, and the noise term.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson JR (1976) Language, memory, and thought. Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR (1983a) The architecture of cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR (1983b) A spreading activation theory of memory. J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav 22:261–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR, Bower GH (1973) Human associative memory. Winston, Washington DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JR, Pirolli PL (1984) Spread of activation. J Exp Psychol: Learn Memory Cogn 10:791–798.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins A, Loftus E (1975) A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychol Rev 82:407–428.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins A, Quillian M (1969) Retrieval time from semantic memory. J Verbal Learn Verbal Behav 8:240–248.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deese J (1965) The structure of associations in language and thought. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.

    Google Scholar 

  • Érdi P (1988a) On the ultrametric structure of semantic memory: scope and limits. In: Trappl R (ed) Cybernetics and systems '88. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Érdi P (1988b) Structural aspects of the (natural and artificial) semantic memory. In: Sydow A, aet al. (eds) System analysis and simulation: mathematical research, vol 46. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Érdi P, Grőbler T, Marton P (1991) On the double architecture of the semantic memory. In: Carvallo M (ed) Nature, cognition and system, vol 2. Kluwer, Dordecht (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hebb DO (1949) The organization of behavior. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huberman BA, Hogg T (1987) Phase transitions in artificial intelligence systems. Artif Intell 33:155–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kihlstrom JF (1987) The cognitive unconscious. Science 237:1145–1452.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClelland JL, Rumelhart DE (1981) An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 1. An account of basic findings. Psychol Rev 88:375–407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton J, Bekerian D (1986) Three ways of looking at memory. In: Sharkey NE (ed) Advances in cognitive science, vol 1. Howrood, Wiley, Chicester, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palermo DS, Jenkins JJ (1964) Word association norms. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pléh Cs (1991) The renaissance of association in contemporary cognitive psychology. Annales Universitatis Scient de L Eötvös Nom, Sectio Philosophica (in press).

  • Postman L, Keppel G (1970) Norms of word association. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quillian MR (1968) Semantic memory. In: Minsky M (ed) Semantic information processing Mit Press, Cambridge Mass pp 227–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratcliff R, McKoon G (1981) Does activation really spread? Pscychol Rev 88:454–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL (1986) Parellel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vols 1 and 2. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumelhart DE, Smolensky P, McClelland JL, Hinton GE (1986) Schemata and sequential thought processes in PDP models. In: Rumelhart DE, McClelland JL: Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol 2. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smolensky P (1986) Neural and conceptual interpretation of PDP models. In: Rumelhard DE, McClelland JL (eds) Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol 2. MIT Press, Cambridge Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squire LR (1982) The neuropsychology of human memory. Ann Rev Neurosci 5:241–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulving E (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In: Tulving E, Donaldson W (eds) Organization of memory. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulving E (1985) How many memory systems are there? Am Psychol 40:385–398.

    Google Scholar 

  • Underwood G (1979) Memory systems and conscious processes. In: Underwood G, Stevens R (eds) Aspects of consciousness, vol 1. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grőbler, T., Marton, P. & Érdi, P. On the dynamic organization of memory. Biol. Cybern. 65, 73–79 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197292

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197292

Keywords

Navigation