Abstract
Vegetative propagation of Acacia senegal is possible from branch fragments taken from the crown of mature trees (13 years old), without causing ortet destruction.
The most responsive planting stock is taken from cuttings 15 cm long (with 12 to 15 nodes) and a diameter of 10 ± 6 mm (wood of 2 to 4 years old). With this material, the ablation of the leaves prior to planting is a factor which furthers development of the cutting's root system.
The development of the root system is also highly influenced by the time at which the cutting is taken: results vary from 10% during the dry season to more than 70% during the rainy season (June—October).
Cuttings can be taken from branches 50 cm long. It is thus possible to preserve the planting stock for 8 days in a continually humidified jute cloth and then to make the cuttings at the time of establishment in a nursery, without changing their rhizogenic aptitude.
The cuttings show characteristics of maturity (slow growth, plagiotropy, fructification). It is nevertheless possible to preserve the collected genotypes in the field, or better, in planting pots in the nursery, so as to further the process of physiologic rejuvenation with the aim of in vitro cloning.
Résumé
Le bouturage d'Acacia senegal est possible á partir de fragments de rameaux prélevés dans le houppier d'arbres adultes (13 ans), sans destruction de ceux-ci.
Le matériel végétal le plus réactif est constitué par des boutures de 15 cm de long (12 à 15 noeuds) et de 10 ± 6 mm de diamétre (bois de deux à quatre ans). L'ablation des feuilles avant mise en culture est un facteur favorable à l'enracinement des boutures.
Celui-ci est aussi trés influencé par la date de prélèvement des boutures et il varie de 10% en saison séche à plus de 70% en saison des pluies (juin—octobre).
La collecte de boutures peut se faire sous forme de fragments de rameaux de 50 cm de long. Il est alors possible de conserver ce matériel pendant huit jours dans une toile maintenue humide et d'y découper les boutures au moment de la mise en place en pépiniére, sans altérer leur aptitude rhizogéne.
Les boutures présentent des caractéres de maturité (croissance lente, plagiotropie, fructification). Il est cependant possible de conserver les génotypes ainsi mobilisés au champ, ou mieux, dans des pots en pépiniére, afin d'amplifier le processus de rajeunissement physiologique en vue de leur clonage in vitro.
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researcher at CIRAD/C.T.F.T., detached to ISRA/D.R.P.F.
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Danthu, P., Leblanc, J.M., Badji, S. et al. Vegetative propagation studies of gum arabic trees. 2. The vegetative propagation of adult Acacia senegal . Agroforest Syst 19, 15–25 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130091
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130091