Abstract
Quasiparticles of superconductors can be manipulated either by irradiation or tunnel injection such that substantial changes of the gap (order parameter) occur which are most pronounced close to the transition temperature. These phenomena are investigated by a theory which is based on the combined system of the Boltzmann equation and the BCS gap equation. Several stationary, spatially homogeneous states are found in some range of temperatures. A linear stability analysis reveals two types of behavior, depending, essentially, on whether quasiparticle diffusion increases or decreases the stability. In a representative situation of the first type, two states turn out to be locally stable. An investigation of a nonlinear equation of motion for the order parameter leads to the conclusion that a first-order phase transition between these two states occurs at a given temperature. In a situation of the second type, one finds that fluctuations of a definite wave vector destroy the spatially homogeneous state and lead to a stable state of layered structure.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
D. N. Langenberg, in Low Temperature Physics—LT14, M. Krusius and M. Vuorio, eds. (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1975).
Albert Schmid, in Proc. LT 15, J. Phys. (Paris) 39, C-6 (1978).
H. Haken, Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 67 (1975).
J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer, Phys. Rev. 108, 1175 (1957).
J. Bardeen, G. Rickayzen, and L. Tewordt, Phys. Rev. 113, 982 (1958).
A. G. Aronov and V. L. Gurevich, Fiz. Tverd. Tela 16, 2656 (1974) [Sov. Phys.—Solid State 16, 1722 (1975)].
V. F. Elesin, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 71, 1490 (1976) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 44, 780 (1976)].
G. M. Eliashberg, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 61, 1254 (1971) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 34, 668 (1972)].
Albert Schmid and Gerd Schön, J. Low Temp. Phys. 20, 207 (1975).
A. I. Larkin and Yu. N. Ovchinnikov, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73, 299 (1977) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 46, 155 (1978)].
Albert Schmid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 922 (1977).
R. L. Stratonovich, Topics in the Theory of Random Noise (Gordon and Breach, New York, 1963), Vol. 1.
H. A. Kramers, Physica VII, 284 (1940).
R. Landauer and J. A. Swanson, Phys. Rev. 121, 1668 (1961).
J. S. Langer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 973 (1968).
D. E. McCumber and B. I. Halperin, Phys. Rev. B 1, 1054 (1970).
J. Blot, Y. Pellan, and J. Rosenblatt, J. Low Temp. Phys. 30, 669 (1978).
R. Landauer, Phys. Rev. A 15, 2117 (1977).
R. Graham and H. Haken, Z. Phys. 243, 289 (1971).
G. M. Eliashberg, Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 11, 186 (1970) [JETPLett. 11, 114 (1970)]; see also B. I. Ivlev, S. G. Lisitsyn, and G. M. Eliashberg, J. Low Temp. Phys. 10, 449 (1973).
C. C. Chi and John Clarke, preprint.
R. C. Dynes, V. Narayanamurti, and J. P. Garno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 229 (1977).
Gerd Schön and André-M. Tremblay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1086 (1979).
J. J. Chang and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. B 15, 2651 (1977).
C. S. Owen and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 1559 (1972).
J. J. Chang and D. J. Scalapino, Phys. Rev. B 10, 4047, (1974).
D. J. Scalapino and B. A. Huberman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 1365 (1977).
A. Rothwarf and B. N. Taylor, Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 27 (1967).
K. Hida, J. Low Temp. Phys. 32, 881 (1978).
L. N. Smith, J. Low Temp. Phys. 28, 519 (1977).
B. I. Ivlev, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 72, 1197 (1977) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 45, 626 (1977)].
V. F. Elesin, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 73, 355 (1977) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 46, 185 (1977)].
K. Hida, Phys. Lett. 68A, 71 (1978).
M. Weite, Z. Phys. B 29, 107 (1978).
T. J. Tredwell and E. H. Jakobsen, Phys. Rev. B 13, 2931 (1976).
T. M. Klapwijk, J. N. van den Bergh, and J. E. Mooij, J. Low Temp. Phys. 26, 385 (1977).
Yu. I. Latyshev and F. Ya. Nad', Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 26, 488 (1977).
T. Kommers and J. Clarke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 1091 (1977).
J. A. Pals, Phys. Lett. 63A, 141 (1977).
K. E. Gray and H. W. Willemisen, J. Low Temp. Phys. 31, 911 (1978).
J. Fuchs, P. W. Epperlein, M. Welte, and W. Eisenmenger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 919 (1977).
G. A. Sai-Halasz, C. C. Chi, A. Denenstein, and D. N. Langenberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 215 (1974).
A. A. Golovashkin, K. V. Mitsen, and G. P. Motulevich, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 1408 (1975) [Sov. Phys.—JETP 41, 701 (1976)].
I. Iguchi, J. Low Temp. Phys. 33, 439 (1978).
W. J. Skocpol, M. R. Beasley, and M. Tinkham, J. Low Temp. Phys. 16, 145 (1974).
L. Kramer and A. Baratoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 518 (1977); L. Kramer and R. J. Watts-Tobin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 1041 (1978).
P. F. Byrd and M. D. Friedman, Handbook of Elliptic Integrals for Engineers and Scientists (Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1971).
W. Dupont, Diplomarbeit, Karlsruhe (1977).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Eckern, U., Schmid, A., Schmutz, M. et al. Stability of superconducting states out of thermal equilibrium. J Low Temp Phys 36, 643–687 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116992
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00116992