Abstract
Chromoplasts, which exist in the cells of freshly isolated carrot root explants, seemed to be transformed in thylakoid containing plastids, and chlorophyll formation was initiated if the explants were cultured in a liquid medium containing inositol and IAA as a hormonal supplement. This process was intensified when kinetin was also added, but no dependence on a sucrose supply could be found.
A sucrose supply of 2% in conjunction with the combination of all three hormones, however, was needed to achieve maximal thylakoid formation including stacking in individual chloroplasts and for the very extensive chloroplast multiplication in explants growing with high cell division activity. It should be noted that the number of plastids per cell is strongly increased by the sucrose supplement which leads also to starch accumulation. However, no transformation into chloroplasts occurred without the hormonal stimulus.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bender L, Kumar A, Neumann K-H (1981) Photoautotrophe pflanzliche Gewebekulturen in Laborfermenterm. In: Lafferty RM (ed) Fermentation, Springer, Wien, New York, pp 193–203
Bergmann L (1967) Wachstum grüner Suspensionskulturen von Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun mit CO2 als Kohlenstoffquelle. Planta 74:243–249
Bradbeer TW (1977) Chloroplast structure and Photosynthesis. In: Smith H (ed) The molecular biology of the plant cell. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford pp 64–84
Duysens LMN, Sweers HE (1963) Mechanism of two photochemical reactions in algae as studied by means of fluorescence. In: Jap. Soc. Plant Physiol (ed). Plant Cell Physiol, Tokio, 353–372
Edelman T, Hanson AD (1971) Sucrose suppression of chlorophyll synthesis in carrot callus cultures. Planta 98:150–156
Hanson AD, Edelman T (1972) Photosynthesis by carrot tissue cultures. Planta 102:11–25
Israel HW, Steward FC (1967) The fine structure and development of plastids in cultured cells of Daucus carota. Ann Bot 31:1–18
Kasemir H, Mohr H (1982) Coactions of three factors controlling chlorophyll and anthocyanin synthesis. Planta 156:282–288
Kaul K, Sabharwal PS (1971) Effects of sucrose and kinetin on growth and chlorophyll synthesis in tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol 47:691–695
Kautsky H, Hirsch A (1931) Neue Versuche zur Kohlensäureassimilation. Naturwissenschaften 48:964
Kumar A (1971) Studies on growth, physiology and biochemistry of some plant tissues in tissue culture. Ph.D.Thesis University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Kumar A (1974) In vitro growth and chlorophyll formation in mesophyll callus tissues on sugar-free medium. Phytomorphology 24:96–101
Kumar A, Bender L, Pauler B, Neumann K-H, Senger H, Jeske C (1983) Ultrastructural and biochemical development of the photosynthetic apparatus during callus induction in carrot root explants. Plant Cell Tiss Org Cult 2:161–177
Laetsch WM, Stetler DA (1965) Chloroplast structure and function in cultured tobacco tissue. Am J Bot 52:798–804
Neumann K-H (1966) Wurzelbildung und Nucleinsäuregehalt bei Phloem-Gewebekulturen der Karottenwurzel auf synthetischem Nährmedium verschiedener Hormonkombinationen. Les Congres et Colloques de l'Université de Liege 38: 95–102
Neumann K-H (1968) Über Beziehungen zwischen hormonal gesteuerter Zellteilungsgeschwindigkeit und Differenzierung. Ein Beitrag zur Physiologie der pflanzlichen Ertragsbildung. Habilitationsschrift Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Neumann K-H, Raafat A (1973) Further studies on the photosynthesis of carrot tissue cultures. Plant Physiol 51:685–690
Neumann K-H, Pertzch Ch, Moos M, Krömmelbein G (1978) Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung des Ernährungssystems von Karottengewebekulturen: Photosynthese, Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffernährung, Mineralstoffverbrauch. Z. Pflanzenernähr Bodenk 141:299–311
Senger H, Bornman Ch (1976) Welwitschia mirabilis: formation and distribution of chlorophylls. Z Pflanzenphysiol 80:261–270
Steward FC, Caplin SM, Millar FK (1952) Investigations on the growth and metabolism of plant cells. I. New techniques for the investigation on metabolism, nutrition and growth in undifferentiated cells. Ann Bot 16:57–77
Wintermans TFGM, De Mots A (1965) Spectrophotometric characteristics of chlorophyll a and b and their pheophytins in ethanol. Biochem Biophys Acta 109: 448–453
Yamada Y, Sato F (1978) The photoautotrophic culture of chlorophyllous cells. Plant Cell Physiol 19:691–699
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, A., Bender, L. & Neumann, K.H. Growth regulation, plastid differentiation and the development of a photosynthetic system in cultured carrot root explants as influenced by exogenous sucrose and various phytohormones. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 3, 11–28 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00035917
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00035917