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Mitigating the One Health Impacts of Agrochemicals Through Sustainable Policies and Regulations

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One Health Implications of Agrochemicals and their Sustainable Alternatives

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity ((SDEB,volume 34))

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Abstract

The rapid rate of industrialization coupled with the increase in human population has caused an increased usage of agrochemicals in the environment. These agrochemicals (pesticides) are applied on agricultural fields and urban green spaces with the aim of disease protection for both biodiversity and humans. The increased use of agrochemicals has brought a wide range of human health issues as their negative consequences have now outweighed the advantages of their use. This review demonstrates the adverse effects that indiscriminate pesticide usage has on several environmental factors. Some of the negative consequences of using pesticides include a decrease in beneficial animals like predators, pollinating insects, and earthworms, a rise in resistant pest populations, and pollution of the water and air ecosystem. Due to their persistence, pesticides have had a significant negative impact on our ecology, causing them to infiltrate higher trophic levels like that of humans and other large mammals, as well as many food chains. As a result of the consumption of contaminated food, water, or air, some acute and chronic human ailments have surfaced. To safeguard our environment and any potential health risks linked to it, the correct usage of pesticides is now required. Appropriate pest control methods, such as integrated pest management (IPM), which employs a couple of various mitigation strategies, such as cultural control, use of resistant genotypes, physio-mechanical control, and logical and reasonable use of pesticides, may reduce the frequency and volume of agrochemicals. Furthermore, cutting-edge techniques like biotechnology and nanotechnology may help in the development of pesticides with less harmful side effects or genotypes resistant to them. Farmers may be encouraged to adopt cutting-edge IPM strategies.

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Abbreviations

Agvet:

Agriculture and Veterinary

AMPs:

Administrative Monetary Penalties

APVMA:

Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority

BVL:

Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety

CDC:

Centre for Disease Control

CWA:

Clean Water Act

DAFM:

Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine

DDT:

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

EFSA:

European Food Safety Authority

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

EU:

European Union

FAO:

Food and Agricultural Organization

FIFRA:

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act

HHPs:

Highly Hazardous Pesticides

IPM:

Integrated Pest Management

NVWA:

The Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority

ORPS:

Oxygen reduction potential in the soil

PCD:

Pesticide Controls Division

PCPA:

Pest Control Products Act

PMRA:

Pest Management Regulatory Agency

POP:

Persistence of Organic Products

PPP:

Public Private Practices

PRIA:

Pesticide Registration Improvement Act

UN:

United Nations

UNEP:

United Nations Educational Programme

USD:

United States Dollar

USEPA:

United States Environmental Protection Agency

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

    Munir Karounwi Adegoke Wahab

  2. Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria

    Adams Ovie Iyiola

  3. Department of Physiology, Usman Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria

    Umar Faruq Abdulwahab

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  1. Munir Karounwi Adegoke Wahab
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  3. Umar Faruq Abdulwahab
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Correspondence to Munir Karounwi Adegoke Wahab .

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  1. Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA

    Matthew Chidozie Ogwu

  2. Department of Microbiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa, Nigeria

    Sylvester Chibueze Izah

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Wahab, M.K.A., Iyiola, A.O., Abdulwahab, U.F. (2023). Mitigating the One Health Impacts of Agrochemicals Through Sustainable Policies and Regulations. In: Ogwu, M.C., Chibueze Izah, S. (eds) One Health Implications of Agrochemicals and their Sustainable Alternatives . Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 34. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3439-3_8

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