Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Twenty-First Century Populism in Australia and Italy: A Comparative Analysis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Italy and Australia

Abstract

This chapter presents a comparative analysis of contemporary populism in Australia and Italy, reflecting on the similarities and differences of both. In Italy, populist parties have been playing a mainstream role since 1992. The country’s four populist parties have been in power, almost continuously, since 2010. They express different populist features, but still their politics is fundamentally rooted in the widespread sense of distrust towards state and governmental institutions. In Australia, the continued decline in democratic satisfaction and trust in political leaders and institutions has correlated with a rise of independents and minor parties, as well as leadership instability within the major political parties. We investigate the interaction between different forces—the media system, the party and electoral system, and long-term decline in political trust—to explain why the expression of populism in Australia has been radically different from that of Italy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction, Very Short Introductions (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).

  2. 2.

    Gabriele Abbondanza and Simone Battiston, “Italy and Australia in the Twenty-First Century: Distant Connections or Close Partners?”, in Italy and Australia: Redefining Bilateral Relations for the Twenty-First Century, eds. Gabriele Abbondanza and Simone Battiston (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024), pp. 1–23.

  3. 3.

    Kirk Hawkins and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, “Introduction: The Ideational Approach,” in The Ideational Approach to Populism: Concept, Theory, and Analysis, eds. Kirk Hawkins et al. (Oxon: Routledge, 2019), 2–24.

  4. 4.

    Cas Mudde and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Populism: A Very Short Introduction.

  5. 5.

    Sophia Hunger and Fred Paxton, “What’s in a Buzzword? A Systematic Review of the State of Populism Research in Political Science,” Political Science Research and Methods (September 20, 2021): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2021.44.

  6. 6.

    Cas Mudde, “Populism in Europe: An Illiberal Democratic Response to Undemocratic Liberalism (The Government and Opposition /Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2019),” Government and Opposition 56, no. 4 (October 2021): 577–97, https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2021.15.

  7. 7.

    Tim Bale and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, eds., Riding the Populist Wave: Europe’s Mainstream Right in Crisis, 1st ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2021), https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009006866.

  8. 8.

    Kurt Sengul, “The Role of Political Interviews in Mainstreaming and Normalizing the Far-Right: A View from Australia,” in Adversarial Political Interviewing, ed. Ofer Feldman (Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022), 357–75, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0576-6_18.

  9. 9.

    Giorel Curran, “Mainstreaming Populist Discourse: The Race-Conscious Legacy of Neo-Populist Parties in Australia and Italy,” Patterns of Prejudice 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 37–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322032000185578.

  10. 10.

    Glenn Kefford and Shaun Ratcliff, “Populists or Nativist Authoritarians? A Cross-National Analysis of the Radical Right,” Australian Journal of Political Science 56, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 261–79, https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2021.1956431.

  11. 11.

    Kurt Sengul, “‘Swamped’: The Populist Construction of Fear, Crisis and Dangerous Others in Pauline Hanson’s Senate Speeches,” Communication Research and Practice 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 20–37, https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2020.1729970.

  12. 12.

    Anna Broinowski, Please Explain: The Rise, Fall and Rise Again of Pauline Hanson (2018).

  13. 13.

    Michael Leach, Geoffrey Stokes, and Ian Ward, eds., The Rise and Fall of One Nation (University of Queensland Press, 2000).

  14. 14.

    Broinowski, 214.

  15. 15.

    Curran, “Mainstreaming Populist Discourse,” (March 1, 2004).

  16. 16.

    Kurt Sengul, “‘It’s OK to Be White’: The Discursive Construction of Victimhood, ‘Anti-White Racism’ and Calculated Ambivalence in Australia,” Critical Discourse Studies (May 4, 2021): 1–17, https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2021.1921818.

  17. 17.

    Cas Mudde, The Far Right Today (Cambridge, UK; Medford, MA: Polity, 2019).

  18. 18.

    Sengul, “Swamped.”.

  19. 19.

    John Quiggin, “Time for Rudd to Give a Full-Throated Defence of Keynesian Stimulus,” The Guardian Australia (August 26, 2013).

  20. 20.

    Tim Leslie, “The Rise and Fall of Kevin Rudd,” ABC News, November 14, 2013, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-14/the-rise-and-fall-of-kevin-rudd/5090194.

  21. 21.

    Sarah Cameron, “Government Performance and Dissatisfaction with Democracy in Australia,” Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 170–90, https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1755221.

  22. 22.

    Sarah Cameron and Ian McAllister, “Trends in Australian Political Opinion Results from the Australian Election Study 1987–2019” (ANU College of Arts & Social Sciences, 2019), https://australianelectionstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/Trends-in-Australian-Political-Opinion-1987-2019.pdf.

  23. 23.

    Cameron and McAllister, 99.

  24. 24.

    Ruth Dassonneville and Ian McAllister, “Explaining the Decline of Political Trust in Australia,” Australian Journal of Political Science, (August 6, 2021): 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2021.1960272.

  25. 25.

    Liang Jiang and Xiangjun Ma, “Political Distrust and Right-Wing Populist Party Voting in Australia,” Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 362–77, https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1799937.

  26. 26.

    Kefford, Glenn, Benjamin Moffitt, John Collins, and Joshua Marsh, “Populist Attitudes in Australia: Contextualising the Demand-Side,” Australian Journal of Political Science (October 1, 2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2022.2122401.

  27. 27.

    Jiang and Ma, 374.

  28. 28.

    Marc Hooghe and Ruth Dassonneville, “A Spiral of Distrust: A Panel Study on the Relation Between Political Distrust and Protest Voting in Belgium,” Government and Opposition 53, no. 1 (January 2018): 104–30, https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.18.

  29. 29.

    Vincenzo Emanuele, Dataset of New Parties and Party System Innovation in Western Europe Since 1945 (Rome: Italian Center for Electoral Studies, 2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.7802/1363.

  30. 30.

    Emanuele.

  31. 31.

    Luciano Bardi, “Anti-Party Sentiment and Party System Change in Italy,” European Journal of Political Research 29, no. 3 (1996): 345–63, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00656.x.

  32. 32.

    Vittorio Mete, “Four Types of Anti-Politics: Insights from the Italian Case,” Modern Italy 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 37–61, https://doi.org/10.1080/13532940903477872.

  33. 33.

    Mete, 42.

  34. 34.

    Tim Dwyer, “Is Australia’s Media Market One of the World’s Most Concentrated?,” The Conversation, December 12, 2016, https://theconversation.com/is-australias-media-market-one-of-the-worlds-most-concentrated-68437.

  35. 35.

    Jesper Strömbäck, “Mediatization and Perceptions of the Media’s Political Influence,” Journalism Studies 12, no. 4 (August 2011): 423–39, https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.523583.

  36. 36.

    Mitchell Hobbs and David McKnight, “‘Kick This Mob Out’: The Murdoch Media and the Australian Labor Government (2007 to 2013),” Global Media Journal Australia 8, no. 2 (2014): 1–3.

  37. 37.

    S. Waisbord, “Populism as Media and Communication Phenomenon,” in Routledge Handbook of Global Populism, ed. C de la Torre (Oxon: Routledge, 2019), 221–34.

  38. 38.

    Ruth Wodak, The Politics of Fear: The Shameless Normalization of Far-Right Discourse, 2nd ed. (Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2021).

  39. 39.

    Gianpietro Mazzoleni, “Populism and the Media,” in Twentyfirst Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy, eds. Daniele Albertazzi and Duncan McDonnell (Basingstoke: Palgrave, n.d.), 49–64.

  40. 40.

    Mudde, The Far Right Today.

  41. 41.

    Iva Ellen Deutchman and Anne Ellison, “A Star Is Born: The Roller Coaster Ride of Pauline Hanson in the News,” Media, Culture & Society 21, no. 1 (January 1999): 33–50, https://doi.org/10.1177/016344399021001002.

  42. 42.

    Giorel Curran, “Mainstreaming Populist Discourse: The Race-Conscious Legacy of Neo-Populist Parties in Australia and Italy,” Patterns of Prejudice 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 37–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322032000185578.

  43. 43.

    Benjamin Moffitt, “Populism 2.0: Social Media and the False Allure of ‘Unmediated’ Representation,” in Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Politics, Social Movements and Extremism, eds. G. Fitzi, J. Mackert, and B.S. Turner (Oxon: Routledge, 2019), 30–46.

  44. 44.

    Kurt Sengul, “Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste: Pauline Hanson’s Exploitation of COVID-19 on Facebook,” Media International Australia 178, no. 1 (February 2021): 101–5, https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20953521.

  45. 45.

    Giuseppe Eusepi, “Broadcasting System in Italy: Evolution and Perspectives,” Public Choice (1986-1998) 82, no. 3–4 (March 1995): 307–24.

  46. 46.

    Alessio Cornia, “TV-Centrism and Politicisation in Italy: Obstacles to New Media Development and Pluralism,” Media, Culture & Society 38, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 175–95, https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443715594035.

  47. 47.

    Emanuela Poli, Forza Italia: strutture, leadership e radicamento territoriale (Bologna: Il mulino, 2001), 62.

  48. 48.

    Francesco Bailo, Online Communities and Crowds in the Rise of the Five Star Movement (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020), 27, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45508-8.

  49. 49.

    Sven Engesser, Nayla Fawzi, and Anders Olof Larsson, “Populist Online Communication: Introduction to the Special Issue,” Information, Communication & Society 20, no. 9 (September 2, 2017): 1279–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328525.

  50. 50.

    Poli, Forza Italia, 62.

  51. 51.

    Between 2009 and 2013 beppegrillo.it was likely the third most viewed non-sport news website in Italy, after the website of the two major newspaper—La Repubblica and Corriere della Sera. See Bailo, Online Communities and Crowds in the Rise of the Five Star Movement, 23.

  52. 52.

    Glenn Kefford and Duncan McDonnell, “Submission to the National Identity and Democracy Inquiry” (Parliament of Australia, 2019), 5.

  53. 53.

    Kefford and McDonnell, 5.

  54. 54.

    Cameron and McAllister, “Trends in Australian Political Opinion Results from the Australian Election Study 1987–2019.”.

  55. 55.

    Kefford and Ratcliff, “Populists or Nativist Authoritarians?”.

  56. 56.

    Anthoula Malkopoulou, “Compulsory Voting and Right-Wing Populism: Mobilisation, Representation and Socioeconomic Inequalities,” Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 276–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1774507.

  57. 57.

    McSwiney, Jordan. “Organising Australian Far-Right Parties: Pauline Hanson’s One Nation and Fraser Anning’s Conservative National Party.” Australian Journal of Political Science (September 14, 2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2022.2121681.

  58. 58.

    Mudde, “Populism in Europe,” 558.

References

  • Abbondanza, Gabriele and Simone Battiston. “Italy and Australia in the Twenty-First Century: Distant Connections or Close Partners?”. In Italy and Australia: Redefining Bilateral Relations for the Twenty-First Century, eds. Gabriele Abbondanza and Simone Battiston, pp. 1–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2024.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailo, Francesco. Online Communities and Crowds in the Rise of the Five Star Movement. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45508-8.

  • Bale, Tim, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, eds. Riding the Populist Wave: Europe’s Mainstream Right in Crisis, 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009006866.

  • Bardi, Luciano. “Anti-Party Sentiment and Party System Change in Italy.” European Journal of Political Research 29, no. 3 (1996): 345–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00656.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bickerton, Christopher J., and Carlo Invernizzi Accetti. Technopopulism: The New Logic of Democratic Politics, 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807766.001.0001.

  • Broinowski, Anna. Please Explain: The Rise, Fall and Rise Again of Pauline Hanson, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, Sarah. “Government Performance and Dissatisfaction with Democracy in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 170–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1755221.

  • Cameron, Sarah, and Ian McAllister. “Trends in Australian Political Opinion Results from the Australian Election Study 1987–2019.” ANU College of Arts & Social Sciences, 2019. https://australianelectionstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/Trends-in-Australian-Political-Opinion-1987-2019.pdf.

  • Cornia, Alessio. “TV-Centrism and Politicisation in Italy: Obstacles to New Media Development and Pluralism.” Media, Culture & Society 38, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 175–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443715594035.

  • Curran, Giorel. “Mainstreaming Populist Discourse: The Race-Conscious Legacy of Neo-Populist Parties in Australia and Italy.” Patterns of Prejudice 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322032000185578.

  • ———. “Mainstreaming Populist Discourse: The Race-Conscious Legacy of Neo-Populist Parties in Australia and Italy.” Patterns of Prejudice 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322032000185578.

  • Dassonneville, Ruth, and Ian McAllister. “Explaining the Decline of Political Trust in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science, August 6, 2021, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2021.1960272.

  • Deutchman, Iva Ellen, and Anne Ellison. “A Star Is Born: The Roller Coaster Ride of Pauline Hanson in the News.” Media, Culture & Society 21, no. 1 (January 1999): 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/016344399021001002.

  • Dwyer, Tim. “Is Australia’s Media Market One of the World’s Most Concentrated?” The Conversation, December 12, 2016. https://theconversation.com/is-australias-media-market-one-of-the-worlds-most-concentrated-68437.

  • Emanuele, Vincenzo. “Dataset of New Parties and Party System Innovation in Western Europe since 1945.” Rome: Italian Center for Electoral Studies, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7802/1363.

  • Engesser, Sven, Nayla Fawzi, and Anders Olof Larsson. “Populist Online Communication: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Information, Communication & Society 20, no. 9 (September 2, 2017): 1279–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1328525.

  • Eusepi, Giuseppe. “Broadcasting System in Italy: Evolution and Perspectives.” Public Choice (1986–1998) 82, no. 3–4 (March 1995): 307–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins, Kirk, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. “Introduction: The Ideational Approach.” In The Ideational Approach to Populism: Concept, Theory, and Analysis, eds. Kirk Hawkins, Ryan. E Carlin, Levente Littvay, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, 2–24. Oxon: Routledge, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, Marc J., and Thomas J. Rudolph. “Priming, Performance, and the Dynamics of Political Trust.” The Journal of Politics 70, no. 2 (April 2008): 498–512. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381608080468.

  • Hobbs, Mitchell, and David McKnight. “‘Kick This Mob out’: The Murdoch Media and the Australian Labor Government (2007 to 2013).” Global Media Journal Australia 8, no. 2 (2014): 1–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooghe, Marc, and Ruth Dassonneville. “A Spiral of Distrust: A Panel Study on the Relation between Political Distrust and Protest Voting in Belgium.” Government and Opposition 53, no. 1 (January 2018): 104–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2016.18.

  • Hunger, Sophia, and Fred Paxton. “What’s in a Buzzword? A Systematic Review of the State of Populism Research in Political Science.” Political Science Research and Methods (September 20, 2021): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2021.44.

  • Jiang, Liang, and Xiangjun Ma. “Political Distrust and Right-Wing Populist Party Voting in Australia.” Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 362–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1799937.

  • Kefford, Glenn, Benjamin Moffitt, John Collins, and Joshua Marsh. “Populist Attitudes in Australia: Contextualising the Demand-Side.” Australian Journal of Political Science (October 1, 2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2022.2122401.

  • Kefford, Glenn, and Duncan McDonnell. “Submission to the National Identity and Democracy Inquiry.” Parliament of Australia, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kefford, Glenn, and Shaun Ratcliff. “Populists or Nativist Authoritarians? A Cross-National Analysis of the Radical Right.” Australian Journal of Political Science 56, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 261–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2021.1956431.

  • Krämer, Benjamin. “Media Populism: A Conceptual Clarification and Some Theses on Its Effects: Media Populism.” Communication Theory 24, no. 1 (February 2014): 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12029.

  • Leach, Michael, Geoffrey Stokes, and Ian Ward, eds., The Rise and Fall of One Nation. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leslie, Tim. “The Rise and Fall of Kevin Rudd.” ABC News, November 14, 2013. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-14/the-rise-and-fall-of-kevin-rudd/5090194.

  • Malkopoulou, Anthoula. “Compulsory Voting and Right-Wing Populism: Mobilisation, Representation and Socioeconomic Inequalities.” Australian Journal of Political Science 55, no. 3 (July 2, 2020): 276–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2020.1774507.

  • Manucci, Luca. “Populism and the Media.” In The Oxford Handbook of Populism, eds. Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy, 1:467–92. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.17.

  • Mazzoleni, Gianpietro. “Populism and the Media.” In Twentyfirst Century Populism: The Spectre of Western European Democracy, eds. Daniele Albertazzi and Duncan McDonnell, 49–64. Basingstoke: Palgrave, n.d.

    Google Scholar 

  • McSwiney, Jordan. “Organising Australian Far-Right Parties: Pauline Hanson’s One Nation and Fraser Anning’s Conservative National Party.” Australian Journal of Political Science, (September 14, 2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2022.2121681.

  • Mete, Vittorio. “Four Types of Anti-Politics: Insights from the Italian Case.” Modern Italy 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 37–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13532940903477872.

  • Moffitt, Benjamin. “Populism 2.0: Social Media and the False Allure of ‘Unmediated’ Representation.” In Populism and the Crisis of Democracy: Politics, Social Movements and Extremism, eds. G. Fitzi, J. Mackert, and B.S. Turner, 30–46. Oxon: Routledge, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudde, Cas. “Populism in Europe: An Illiberal Democratic Response to Undemocratic Liberalism (The Government and Opposition /Leonard Schapiro Lecture 2019).” Government and Opposition 56, no. 4 (October 2021): 577–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2021.15.

  • ———. Populist Radical Right Parties in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511492037.

  • ———. The Far Right Today. Cambridge, UK ; Medford, MA: Polity, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mudde, Cas, and Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser. Populism: A Very Short Introduction. Very Short Introductions. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poli, Emanuela. Forza Italia: strutture, leadership e radicamento territoriale. Bologna: Il mulino, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quiggin, John. “Time for Rudd to Give a Full-Throated Defence of Keynesian Stimulus.” The Guardian Australia, August 26, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sengul, Kurt. “‘It’s OK to Be White’: The Discursive Construction of Victimhood, ‘Anti-White Racism’ and Calculated Ambivalence in Australia.” Critical Discourse Studies (May 4, 2021): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2021.1921818.

  • ———. “Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste: Pauline Hanson’s Exploitation of COVID-19 on Facebook.” Media International Australia 178, no. 1 (February 2021): 101–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X20953521.

  • ———. “‘Swamped’: The Populist Construction of Fear, Crisis and Dangerous Others in Pauline Hanson’s Senate Speeches.” Communication Research and Practice 6, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 20–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/22041451.2020.1729970.

  • ———. “The Role of Political Interviews in Mainstreaming and Normalizing the Far-Right: A View from Australia.” In Adversarial Political Interviewing, eds. Ofer Feldman, 357–75. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0576-6_18.

  • Strömbäck, Jesper. “Mediatization and Perceptions of the Media’s Political Influence.” Journalism Studies 12, no. 4 (August 2011): 423–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2010.523583.

  • Waisbord, S. “Populism as Media and Communication Phenomenon.” In Routledge Handbook of Global Populism, eds. C de la Torre, 221–34. Oxon: Routledge, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wear, Rae. “Permanent Populism: The Howard Government 1996–2007.” Australian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 4 (December 2008): 617–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140802429247.

  • Wodak, Ruth. The Politics of Fear: The Shameless Normalization of Far-Right Discourse. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2021.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Media, Communications, Creative Arts, Language, and Literature, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Kurt Sengul

  2. School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Francesco Bailo

Authors
  1. Kurt Sengul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Francesco Bailo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kurt Sengul .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Government and International Relations, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Gabriele Abbondanza

  2. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, McKinnon, VIC, Australia

    Simone Battiston

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sengul, K., Bailo, F. (2023). Twenty-First Century Populism in Australia and Italy: A Comparative Analysis. In: Abbondanza, G., Battiston, S. (eds) Italy and Australia. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3216-0_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation