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Mitochondrial Dynamics in Physiology and Pathology of Myelinated Axons

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Myelin

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1190))

Abstract

Mitochondria play essential roles in neurons and abnormal functions of mitochondria have been implicated in neurological disorders including myelin diseases. Since mitochondrial functions are regulated and maintained by their dynamic behavior involving localization, transport, and fusion/fission, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics would be involved in physiology and pathology of myelinated axons. In fact, the integration of multimodal imaging in vivo and in vitro revealed that mitochondrial localization and transport are differentially regulated in nodal and internodal regions in response to the changes of metabolic demand in myelinated axons. In addition, the mitochondrial behavior in axons is modulated as adaptive responses to demyelination irrespective of the cause of myelin loss, and the behavioral modulation is partly through interactions with cytoskeletons and closely associated with the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases. Furthermore, the behavior and functions of axonal mitochondria are modulated in congenital myelin disorders involving impaired interactions between axons and myelin-forming cells, and, together with the inflammatory environment, implicated in axonal degeneration and disease phenotypes. Further studies on the regulatory mechanisms of the mitochondrial dynamics in myelinated axons would provide deeper insights into axo–glial interactions mediated through myelin ensheathment, and effective manipulations of the dynamics may lead to novel therapeutic strategies protecting axonal and neuronal functions and survival in primary diseases of myelin.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) for Young Scientists to NO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

    Yang Sui, Huy Bang Nguyen, Truc Quynh Thai, Kazuhiro Ikenaka & Nobuhiko Ohno

  2. Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan

    Yang Sui, Huy Bang Nguyen & Truc Quynh Thai

  3. Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan

    Nobuhiko Ohno

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  1. Yang Sui
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  2. Huy Bang Nguyen
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  3. Truc Quynh Thai
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  4. Kazuhiro Ikenaka
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  5. Nobuhiko Ohno
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Correspondence to Nobuhiko Ohno .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

    Kazunori Sango

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan

    Junji Yamauchi

  3. Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan

    Toru Ogata

  4. Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA

    Keiichiro Susuki

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Sui, Y., Nguyen, H.B., Thai, T.Q., Ikenaka, K., Ohno, N. (2019). Mitochondrial Dynamics in Physiology and Pathology of Myelinated Axons. In: Sango, K., Yamauchi, J., Ogata, T., Susuki, K. (eds) Myelin. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1190. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_10

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