Abstract
The poor surgical outcomes associated with the traditional aggressive surgical approach led to the development of minimally invasive, endovascular treatment. Currently, the surgical treatment for the CVMs including AVMs, VMs, and LMs remain the adjunctive options as multidisciplinary treatment principles and the last or completion option following embolosclerotherapy or failed endovascular treatment.
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Kim, DI., Park, J.H. (2021). Surgical Treatment in Vascular Malformations. In: Khanna, A.K., Tiwary, S.K. (eds) Vascular Malformations. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9762-6_13
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