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National Needle and Syringe Exchange Program

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HIV/AIDS in China

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Abstract

The development of needle and syringe exchange programs (NSPs) in China can be divided into two stages: the pilot (1997–2003) and the expansion (2003 to the present). During this time, the national approach to NSP transitioned from absolute prohibition to the publicly funded provision of these services for people who inject drugs (PWID) in areas without methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). While NSP has shown effectiveness at reducing HIV transmission and injection behaviors, there are implementation challenges to be addressed. Currently, there is limited coverage of ancillary services provided through NSP, insufficient provision of high-quality clean needles and syringes, lack of civil society involvement, discrimination, stigma against PWID, and difficulties in managing peer educators. Proposed recommendations include intensified advocacy for NSP targeted toward relevant government departments, merging of redundant NSP sites, strengthened quality control of NSP, increased provision of female-friendly services, and more rigorous evaluation of NSP effectiveness. The Chinese government has made significant progress in the evolution of NSP policy and has gained significant experience through research and practice. In conjunction with MMT services, NSP can contribute to the control of HIV transmission among PWID, and there is evidence in favor of further program expansion.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Willa Dong for editorial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NCAIDS, China CDC, Beijing, China

    Wei Luo

  2. Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA

    Cynthia X. Shi

  3. US CDC Global AIDS Program in China, Beijing, China

    Zhijun Li & Lifeng Han

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  1. Wei Luo
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  2. Cynthia X. Shi
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  3. Zhijun Li
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  4. Lifeng Han
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Luo .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China

    Zunyou Wu

  2. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China

    Yu Wang

  3. Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Roger Detels

  4. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Global AIDS Program, China Office, Beijing, China

    Marc Bulterys

  5. National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China

    Jennifer M. McGoogan

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Luo, W., Shi, C.X., Li, Z., Han, L. (2020). National Needle and Syringe Exchange Program. In: Wu, Z., Wang, Y., Detels, R., Bulterys, M., McGoogan, J. (eds) HIV/AIDS in China. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8518-6_10

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