Abstract
At this present technology-based world, electroencephalography (EEG) instruments have become a tool for various research and diagnoses of different human health disorders. The brain-computer interface (BCI) is an area which is a very much emerging technology that uses the human brain signals to control external devices. For excellent and accurate results, BCI has recognized the need for systems that makes it more user-friendly, real time, manageable, and suited for people like clinical and disabled patients. Thus, this chapter will refer to the processing of the EEG signal and different classification techniques which will further be used to control the rehabilitation devices through BCI system.
A medical diagnostic technique that reads the electrical activity of the scalp which is generated by a human brain is known as electroencephalography, and the recording is called electroencephalogram (EEG). The electrical activity from the scalp of the brain is mainly picked up using metal electrodes having a conductive media. An EEG recording system is a combination of a couple of instruments. They are electrodes consisting of a conductive media, amplifiers and filters, analog-to-digital converters, and recording device/printer. Feature extraction and classification of electroencephalograph signals for human subjects is a challenge for both the engineers and scientists. Mainly fast Fourier transform (FFT), Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, and wavelet transformation are the tools for EEG signal processing. There are also various signal processing techniques for classification of nonlinear and nonstationary signals like EEG. Some of the signal processing techniques are support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP)-based classifier, back-propagation neural network, self-organizing feature maps followed by an autoregressive modeling and artificial neural network, etc. The classification rate calculated using the various classification techniques can further be used to control the rehabilitation devices like artificial limbs (hand and leg). The advances in brain-computer interface (BCI) research and its applications have given a significant impact to biomedical research. This would be a boon for the person with disability so that they can interact and go through their day-to-day work smoothly with the help of the rehabilitation devices.
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Acknowledgments
This study has been ethically approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee, NEHU, Shillong, vide no: IECHSP/2017/42 and also from the collaborating institute: “North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health & Medical Science,” Shillong, vide no: NEIGR/IEC/M6/F13/18.
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Saikia, A., Paul, S. (2019). EEG Signal Processing and Its Classification for Rehabilitation Device Control. In: Paul, S. (eds) Application of Biomedical Engineering in Neuroscience. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7142-4_9
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