Abstract
The repair of steel plate using welding can be optimized by multi-layer deposition. In this numerical study, semi-automatic arc welding is used to deposit single-track multi-layers of mild steel on a same material mild steel plate. Three-dimensional transient numerical simulations of the transport phenomena involved in the melt pool are performed. The model considers heat transfer, convective and radiative losses, phase change, re-melting, solidification, and buoyancy and Marangoni convection driven fluid flow in the melt pool. The model predicts the temperature and velocity fields, and the evolution of melt pool shape and size.
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Abbreviations
- C p :
-
Specific heat of work piece (J kg−1 K−1)
- f l :
-
Volume fraction of liquid phase
- g :
-
Acceleration due to gravity (m s−2)
- h :
-
Convective heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)
- k :
-
Thermal conductivity of the work piece (W m−1 K−1)
- p :
-
Pressure (N m−2)
- q :
-
Heat input (W m−2)
- T :
-
Temperature (°C)
- T ∞ :
-
Ambient temperature (°C)
- t :
-
Time (s)
- V :
-
Welding speed (m s−1)
- \( \overrightarrow{u} \) :
-
Continuum velocity vector (m s−1)
- α m :
-
Mass fraction
- β T :
-
Coefficient of thermal expansion (K−1)
- γ :
-
Surface tension (N m−1)
- ε :
-
Emissivity of the work piece
- σ :
-
Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W m K−4)
- µ :
-
Dynamic viscosity (N s m−2)
- ρ :
-
Density of the work piece (kg m−3)
- ∞ :
-
Ambient
- l:
-
Liquid state
- s:
-
Solid state
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Yadav, A., Ghosh, A., Kumar, A. (2019). Thermal Transport Phenomena in Multi-layer Deposition Using Arc Welding Process. In: Kumar, L., Pandey, P., Wimpenny, D. (eds) 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing Technologies. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0305-0_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0305-0_2
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