Abstract
The effect of clay as nanomaterial or nanoclay (NC) on corrosion potential of steel reinforcement embedded in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) due to the early age properties of UHPC was investigated. In this present research, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced by NC at 1, 3, and 5 % by weight of cement to produce the nanoclayed UHPC. It is well recognized that the corrosion of steel reinforcement would affect the service life of the reinforced concrete structure performance. To overcome this problem, UHPC was benefited due to its superior characteristic in term of density and durability as compared to OPC concrete itself. In this present research, half-cell potential (HCP) was used to monitor and measure the corrosion potential of steel reinforcement embedded in UHPC and nanoclayed UHPC. Meanwhile, weight loss of corroded steel reinforcement and pH values of hardened UHPC and nanoclayed UHPC were also conducted as follows to the specific procedures. All the samples were immersed in 3 % sodium chloride solution up to 91 days of exposure. The results revealed that the corrosion activity of steel reinforcement embedded in UHPC with 5 % NC recorded the lowest corrosion potential readings compare to those UHPC. It is also shows that the pH value of concrete and weight loss of corroded steel reinforcement in UHPC alone is highest compared to UHPC incorporating different levels of NC. As regards to the results, it is revealed that replacing NC as a replacement to cement significantly enhanced the chloride penetration of nanoclayed UHPC. It is also indicated that the corrosion potential decreased with the increase of NC and as a result delayed the corrosion initiation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Y. Xizhen and Y. Wu, “Thermodynamics of metal corrosion,” Chemical Industry Press, 1996, Beijing, Chap. 3.
L. Samples and J. Ramirez, “Methods of corrosion protection and durability of concrete bridge decks reinforced with epoxy-coated bars, phase I,” FHWA/IN/JTRP-98/15. Purdue University, IN, 1999.
J. Xu, L. Jiang, W. Wang, Y. Xu and Y. Jiang, “Chloride threshold value for reinforcement corrosion in concrete with additions of silica fume or fly ash,” Magazine of Concrete Research, 2011, vol. 63 (12), pp. 905–913.
X. Shi, N. Xie, K. Fortune and J. Gong, “Durability of steel reinforced concrete in chloride environments: An overview,” Construction and Building Materials, 2012, vol. 30, pp. 125–138, doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.12.038.
P. Schiessl, “Corrosion of steel in concrete,” RILEM Technical Commitee, 1988, 60-CSC, Chapman & Hall, New York.
B. Elsener, “Corrosion and environmental degradation,” 2000, vol.2, M. Schutze (Ed.), Willey-VCH, Weinheim, p. 389.
W. Cao, X. Wan and T. Zhao, “Influencing parameters analysis of chloride threshold value on reinforcements embedded in concrete,” Advanced Materials Research, 2011, vol. 250–254, pp. 202–206, doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.250-253.202.
G. Qiao and J. Ou, “Corrosion monitoring of reinforcing steel in cement mortar by EIS and ENA,” 2007, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 52, pp. 8008–8019.
B. Junyig, A. Hongmei and L. Puguang, “Effect of oxygen ions diffusion on steel corrosion in concrete,” Key Engineering Material, 2011, vol. 477, pp. 398–403. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.477.398.
W. H. Hartt and J. Nam, “Effect of cement alkalinity on chloride threshold and timeto-corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete,” Corrosion, 2008, vol. 64 (8), pp. 671–80.
H.A.F. Dehwah, M. Maslehuddin and S.A. Austin, “Effect of cement alkalinity on pore solution chemistry and chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion,” ACI Material Journal, 2002, vol. 99 (3), pp. 227–35.
M. Mareno, W. Morris, M.G. Alvarez and G.S. Duffo, “Corrosion of reinforcing steel in simulated concrete pore solutions—effect of carbonation and chloride content,” Corrosion Science, 2004, vol. 46, pp. 2681–2699.
M. Ismail, B. Muhammad and E. Hamzah, “Corrosion behaviour of dual-phase and galvanized steels in concrete,” Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 2012, vol. 59 (3), pp. 4–4.
M. Schmidt and E. Fehling, “Ultra-high-performance concrete: research, development and application in Europe,” Special Publication, 2005, vol. 228, pp. 51–78.
P. Richard and M. Cheyrezy, “Composition of reactive powder concretes,” Cement and Concrete Research, 1995, vol. 25 (7), pp. 1501–1511.
M. Schmidt, E. Fehling, E. Glotzbach, C. Frohlich and S. Piotrowski, “Ultra-high performance concrete and nanotechnology in construction,” 2012, Kassel: Kassel University Press.
Klefenz, “Nanobiotechnology: From molecules to systems,” Engineering in Life Science, 2004, vol. 4 (3), pp. 211–218.
K. Patel, “The use of nanoclay as a construction material,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), 2012, vol. 2 (4), pp. 1382–1388.
O. S. B. Al-Amoudi, Rasheeduzzafar and M. Maslehuddin, “Carbonation and corrosion rebars in salt contaminated OPC/PFA concretes,” Cement and Concrete Research, 1991, vol. 21 (1), pp. 38–50.
T. Cheewaket, C. Jaturapitakkul and W. Chalee, “Initial corrosion presented by chloride theshold penetration of concrete up to 10 years-results under marine site,” Construction and Building Materials, 2012, vol. 37, pp. 693–698
G. Ping and J. J. Beaudoin, “Obtaining effective half-cell potential measurements in reinforced concrete structures,” Construction Technology Updates, 1998, vol. 18, National Research Coucil of Canada, July 1998, ISSN: 1206–1220
K. Y. Ann and H. W.Song, “Chloride threshold level for corrosion of steel in concrete,” Corrosion Science, 2007, vol. 49, pp. 4113–4133.
M. Morsy, S. Alsayed and M. Aqel, “Effect of nano-clay on mechanical properties and microstructures of ordinary portland cement mortar”. International Journal of Civil & Environmental Engineering IJCEE-IJENS, 2010, vol. 10 (1), pp. 23–27.
G. Song and A. Shayan, “Corrosion of steel in concrete: cause and detection,” State-The-Art- Review, 1998, pp. 11–21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mohd Faizal, M.J., Hamidah, M.S., Muhd Norhasri, M.S., Noorli, I. (2016). Effect of Clay as a Nanomaterial on Corrosion Potential of Steel Reinforcement Embedded in Ultra-High Performance Concrete. In: Yusoff, M., Hamid, N., Arshad, M., Arshad, A., Ridzuan, A., Awang, H. (eds) InCIEC 2015. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0_57
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0_57
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-0154-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-0155-0
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)