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Neotropical Insect Galls pp 15–34Cite as

Developmental Anatomy of Galls in the Neotropics: Arthropods Stimuli Versus Host Plant Constraints

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Abstract

As natural microlaboratories, galls are elegant models to study plant cell fates. Each gall morphotype is the product of repetitive patterns in cell division and differentiation, which culminate in a neoformed multicellular organ. Gall morphogenesis ruptures the patterns of cell polarization and expansion in relation to their host organs through cell redifferentiation, which results in changes in their functionality. As so, gall tissues guarantee nutrition, protection and a favorable microenvironment to the gall inducer. Sites of hyperplasia and hypertrophy are commonly reported for arthropod galls, and are commonly related to the feeding habits of each taxon. Nevertheless, there are some morphotypes in which the shapes are so peculiar that some other mechanisms must be involved, such as biochemical interactions, for instance. We revisit some Neotropical gall systems to check if the accumulation of phenolics is kept as one of the first cell responses to the presence of the inducer and if it is related to the changes in cell polarity and axiality. The final gall morphotypes require new spatial and developmental control of the host plant cells division and expansion, together with cell redifferentiation, but under the constraints imposed by the host plant organs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

    Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias & Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro

  2. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil

    Denis Coelho de Oliveira

  3. Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Jane Elizabeth Kraus

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  1. Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias
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  2. Denis Coelho de Oliveira
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  3. Renê Gonçalves da Silva Carneiro
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  4. Jane Elizabeth Kraus
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Correspondence to Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias .

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  1. Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade/DBG, ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

  2. Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Jean Carlos Santos

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dos Santos Isaias, R.M., de Oliveira, D.C., da Silva Carneiro, R.G., Kraus, J.E. (2014). Developmental Anatomy of Galls in the Neotropics: Arthropods Stimuli Versus Host Plant Constraints. In: Fernandes, G., Santos, J. (eds) Neotropical Insect Galls. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8783-3_2

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