Abstract
Though the techniques to separate weapons-grade plutonium from irradiated uranium and to manage radioactive waste from these operations in the United States and Russia have differed, both Nations have similar results. Among the wastes produced since the 1940s, particularly in the United States, are large quantities of alkaline sludge and supernatant liquid in underground storage tanks. Because the wastes are heterogeneous, and unique, the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and Minatom (in Russia) have supported co-operative studies of the chemistry of transuranium elements and technetium in alkaline media, including their removal from alkaline waste solution by co-precipitation in the Method of Appearing Reagents. Results of this work, performed since 1995 at the Hanford Site, United States, and especially at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, are summarised in light of the historical waste generation and management practices.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Curie, P. and. Curie, M. (1898) Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sc. Paris 127, 175–178.
Curie, P. and. Curie, M. (1898) Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sc. Paris 127, 1215–1217.
Katz, J. J., Seaborg, G. T., and Morse, L. R. (eds.) (1986) The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements, second edition, 1, 499–563. Chapman and Hall, London.
Thompson, S. G. and G. T. Seaborg. (1956) “The First Use of Bismuth Phosphate for Separating Plutonium from Uranium and Fission Products,” Progress in Nuclear Energy, Series III, Process Chemistry, 163–171, F. R. Bruce, J. M. Fletcher, H. H. Human, and J. J. Katz, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Kupfer, M. J., Boldt, A. L., Higley, B. A., Hodgson, K. M., Shelton, L. W., Simpson, B. C, Watrous, R. A., LeClair, M. D., Borsheim, G. L., Winward, R. T., Orme, R. M., Colton, N. G., Lambert, S. L., Place, D. E., and Schulz, W. W. (1997) Standard Inventories of Chemicals and Radionuclides in Hanford Site Tank Wastes, HNF-SD-WM-T1-740, Lockheed Martin Hanford Company, Richland, WA.
Kruglov, A. K. (1995) Kak Sozdavalas Atomnaya Promyshlennost v SSSR, pp. 85–136. TsNllATOMlNFORM, Moscow (in Russian, How the Atomic Industry Was Created in the USSR). See also T. B. Cochran, R. S. Norris, and O. A. Bukharin. (1995) Making the Russian Bomb: From Stalin to Yeltsin, Chapter 3, “Chelyabinsk-65/Mayak Chemical Combine,” Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
Sudoplatov, P. A. (1998) Spetsoperatsii. Luhianka i Kreml. 1930–1950, Olma Press, Moscow (in Russian), pp. 357–359, a different English language version of this book is Special Tasks, P. Sudoplatov and A. Sudoplatov. Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, MA (1994).
Bradley, D. J. and Payson, D. R. (1997) Behind the Nuclear Curtain: Radioactive Waste Management in the Former Soviet Union. 716 pp. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH.
Krapukhin, V. B., Krasavina, E. P., and Pikaev, A. K. (1997) Crystallization of Sodium Nitrate from Radioactive Wastes. PNNL-11616. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA. Also E. G. Drozhko, B. V. Nikipelov, A. S. Nikiferov, A P. Suslov, and A. F. Tsarenko, (1990) Proceedings of the Symposium on Safety Assessment of Radioactive Waste Repositories, “Experience in Radioactive Waste Management at the Soviet Radiochemical Plant and the Main Approaches to Development of Reliable Waste Confinement,” Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 513–519.
Drozhko, E. G., Suslov, A. P., Fetisov, V. L, Glagolenko, Y. G., Medvedev, G. M., Osnovin, V. 1., and Dzekun, E. G. (1993) “Basic Directions and Problems of Radioactive Waste Management Program in the ‘Mayak’ Production Association, Chelyabinsk, Russia.” Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Nuclear Waste Management and Environmental Remediation, D. Alexandre, ed., Prague.
Rybalchenko, A I., Pimenov, M. P., and Kostin, P. P. (1994). Glubinnoe Zahoronenie Yedkih Radioactivnyh Othodov, IZDAT, Moscow (in Russian: Deep Injection of Liquid Radioactive Wastes) 256 pp.
Krot, N. N. and Gelman, A. D. (1967) Preparation of Neptunium and Plutonium in the Heptavalent State Doklady Chemistry, 177 124–129.
Krot, N. N., Gelman, A D., Mefod’eva, M. P., Shilov, V. P., Peretrukhin, V. F., and Spitsyn, V. I. (1977) Semivalentnoe Sostoyanie Neptuniya, Plutoniya i Ameritsiya, Nauka Publ., Moscow, USSR, 152 pp. (in Russian; available in English as Heptavalent State of Np, Pu and Am. UCRL-trans-11798, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 1983).
Peretrukhin, V. F., Shilov, V. P., and Pikaev, A. K. (1995) Alkaline Chemistry of Transuranium Elements and Technetium and the Treatment of Alkaline Radioactive Wastes. WHC-EP-0817 Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, WA.
Budantseva, N. A., Tananaev, l. G., Fedoseev, A. M., Bessonov, A. A., and Delegard, C. H. (1997) Investigation of the Behavior of Pluionium(V) in Alkaline Media. PNNL-11624, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Peretrukhin, V. F., Kryutchkov, S. V., Silin, V. L, and Tananaev, I. G. (1996) Determination of the Solubility ofNp(IV)-(VI), Pu(W)-(VI), Am(UI)-(VI) and Tc(IV),(V) Hydroxocompounds in 0.5–14 M NaOH Solutions. WHC-EP-0897, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, WA.
Krot N. N., Shilov, V. P., Yusov, A B., Tananaev, l. G, Grigoriev, M. S., Yu. Garnov, A., Perminov, V. P., and Astafurova, L. N. (1998) Plutonium(IV) Precipitates Formed in Alkaline Media in the Presence of Various Anions. PNNL-11901, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Fedoseev, A. M., N. N. Krot, N. A Budantseva, A. A. Bessonov, M. V. Nikonov, M. S. Grigoriev, A. Yu. Garnov, V. P. Perminov, and L. N. Astafurova. (1998) Interactions of Pu(IV,VI) Hydroxides/Oxides with Metal Hydroxides/Oxides in Alkaline Media. PNNL-11900, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
Peretrukhin V. F., Silin, V. L, Kareta, A V., Gelis, A V., Shilov, V. P., German, K. E., Firsova, E.V., Maslennikov, A G., and Trushina, V. E. (1998) Purification of Alkaline Solutions and Wastes from Actinides and Technetium by Coprecipitation with Some Carriers Using the Method of Appearing Reagents: Final Report. PNNL-11988, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Shilov, V. P., Bessonov, A. A., A. Garnov, Yu., Gelis, A V., Krot, N. N., Charushnikova, l. A, Perminov, V. P., and Astafurova, L. N. (1997) Investigation on Application of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis for Alkaline Waste Treatment. PNNL-11623, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Gelis, A. V., Garnov, A. Yu., and Shilov, V. P. (1998) Reduction of Np(V) in Alkali Solutions with Hydrazine in the Presence of Palladium, Radiochemistry 40 115–117.
Worl, L. A., Bowen, S. M, Berg, J. M, Padilla, D. D., and Cisneros, M. R. (1995). Actinides Removal from Hanford Supernatant Tank Waste. LA-UR-95-3743, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM.
Peretrukhin, V. F., Silin, V. L, Tananaev, L G., Kareta, A. V., and Trushina, V. E. (1997) Decontamination of Alkaline Solutions from Technetium and Other Fission Products and from Some Actinides by Reductive Coprecipitation and Reduction on Metals. PNNL-11626, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA.
Krot N., Shilov, V., Bessonov, A., Budantseva, N., Charushnikova, I., Perminov, V., and Astafurova, L. (1996) Investigation on the Coprecipitation of Transuranium Elements from Alkaline Solutions by the Method of Appearing Reagents. WHC-EP-0898, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland WA.
Krot, N. N. and Charushnikova, l. A. (1997) “Removal of Dissolved Actinides from Alkaline Solutions by the Method of Appearing Reagents,” US Patent #5,640,668.
Bessonov A. A., Budantseva, N. A., Gelis, A. V., Nikonov, M. V., and Shilov, V. P. (1997) Investigation on the Coprecipitation of Transuranium Elements from Alkaline Solutions by the Method of Appearing Reagents. Study of the Effects of Waste Components on Decontamination from Np(IV) and Pu(IV). PNNL-11625, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peretroukhine, V.F., Delegard, C.H. (2000). Some Comparisons of Plutonium-Bearing Radwaste Management in the USA and Russia. In: Baca, T.E., Florkowski, T. (eds) The Environmental Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament. NATO Science Series, vol 29. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4104-8_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4104-8_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6203-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4104-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive