Abstract
This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of depuration in clams and mussels subjected to bioaccumulation with murine norovirus (MNV-1), as a surrogate for human norovirus. Ten experiments with artificially contaminated shellfish were performed with clams and mussels (five with each species) using 102 pfu of MNV-1/ml seawater. After 24 h of bioaccumulation, molluscs were relocated in an experimental depuration system (with mechanical and biological static filter system, water disinfection by ozone and UV radiation) under an exhaustive control of the physicochemical parameters. Viral contamination was quantified after bioaccumulation and then daily during the depuration period (7 day) by reverse transcription-real time PCR (qRT-PCR) with TaqMan probes. Results showed significant differences in uptake and removal viral rates between clams and mussels. After 24 h of bioaccumulation the average viral uptake for clams and mussels were 6.2 and 5.4 log RNA copies/g digestive tissue (DT) respectively, representing an uptake rate 73.8 % higher in clams. Only three out of five depuration trials with clams showed some reduction in viral quantification. The average reduction in these three trials was 0.5 log units (41.4 % reduction in RNA copies/g DT). Mussels showed viral reduction in all the depuration trials with an average reduction of 0.8 log units (74 % reduction in RNA copies/g DT).
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by Grant 10MMA200010PR from the Consellería de Economía e Industria, Xunta de Galicia (Spain) and contract 2008/CP776 from INTECMAR (Spain). The donation of viral stocks of vMC0and MNV-1 kindly provided by Dr. Albert Bosch (University of Barcelona, Spain) and Dr. Herbert W. Virgin IV (University of Washington, USA), respectively, is appreciated.
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Polo, D. et al. (2014). Bioaccumulation and Removal Dynamics of Murine Norovirus in Manila Clams (Venerupis philippinarum) and Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). In: Sauvé, G. (eds) Molluscan Shellfish Safety. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6588-7_14
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