Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Soils, Ecosystem Processes, and Agricultural Development pp 11–34Cite as

Parent Materials and Climate Control Secondary Mineral Distributions in Soils of Kalimantan, Indonesia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 697 Accesses

Abstract

Secondary mineral distributions in soils from Kalimantan, Indonesia, were investigated to examine the effects of the parent materials and climate at different elevations on the distributions. B horizon soils were sampled at 60 sites on gentle slopes at different elevations (20–1700 m altitude). Each major parent material (sedimentary, felsic, and intermediate to mafic) was represented at different elevations. The soil samples were classified from their total elemental compositions using cluster analysis. Secondary minerals were measured by X-ray diffraction and selective extractions. The samples were divided into ferric (high Fe contents), K&Mg (high K, Mg, and Si), and silicic (high Si) groups. The ferric soils were derived from mafic parent materials, whereas the others were derived from felsic or sedimentary parent materials. The K&Mg soils had higher total base contents (suggesting primary minerals) and were less weathered than the silicic soils. Secondary minerals in the ferric soils were characterized by high contents of Fe oxides and gibbsite. The K&Mg and silicic soils had similar secondary mineral (kaolinite and vermiculite) contents, but more mica was found in the former. Only the silicic group soils had secondary mineral contents that changed as the elevation changed (the kaolinite content increased and the vermiculite and poorly crystalline Al and Fe contents decreased as the elevation decreased). Higher temperatures at lower elevations may cause minerals to be altered more. Secondary mineral distributions were primarily controlled by the parent material (mafic or felsic/sedimentary) and, secondarily by the climate, which varied with elevation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Araki S, Masanya BM, Magoggo JP, Kimaro DS, Kitagawa Y (1998) Characterization of soils on various planation surfaces in Tanzania. In: Proceedings of the World congress of soil science, Montpellier, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnhisel IB, Bertsch PM (1989) Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite. In: Dixon JB, Weed SB (eds) Minerals in soil environments. vol SSSA Book Series 1. 2nd edn SSSA, Madison, pp 729–788

    Google Scholar 

  • Best MG (2003) Composition and classification of magmatic rocks. In: Igneous and metamorphic petrology. 2nd edn. Blackwell, Boston, pp 16–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Betard F (2012) Spatial variations of soil weathering processes in a tropical mountain environment: The Baturite massif and its piedmont (Ceara, NE Brazil). Catena 93:18–28. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2012.01.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blakemore LC, Searle PL, Daly BK (1981) Methods for chemical analysis of soils. New Zealand Soil Bureau Scientific Report 10A. DSIR, New Zealand

    Google Scholar 

  • Brady NC, Weil RR (2002) Formation of soils from parent materials. In: The nature and properties of soils, 13th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Brantley SL, Chen Y (1995) Chemical weathering rates of pyroxenes and amphiboles. In: White FA, Brantley SL (eds) Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals, vol 31. Reviews in Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp 119–172

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruun TB, Elberling B, Christensen BT (2010) Lability of soil organic carbon in tropical soils with different clay minerals. Soil Biol Biochem 42(6):888–895. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.01.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churchman GJ, Lowe DJ (2012) Alteration, formation, and occurrence of minerals in soils. In: Huang PM, Li Y, Sumner ME (eds) Handbook of soil science properties and processes, 2 edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahlgren RA, Boettinger JL, Huntington GL, Amundson RG (1997) Soil development along an elevational transect in the western Sierra Nevada, California. Geoderma 78(3–4):207–236. doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(97)00034-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delvaux B, Herbillon AJ, Vielvoye L (1989) Characterization of a weathering sequence of soils derived from volcanic ash in Cameroon – taxonomic, mineralogical and agronomic implications. Geoderma 45(3–4):375–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll CT (1984) A procedure for the fractionation of aqueous aluminum in dilute acidic waters. Int J Environ Anal Chem 16(4):267–283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • FAO, EC, ISRIC (2003) World soil resources. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO, ISRIC, ISSS (1998) World reference base for soil resources. 84 World soil resources reports. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii K, Uemura M, Hayakawa C, Funakawa S, Sukartiningsih KT, Ohta S (2009) Fluxes of dissolved organic carbon in two tropical forest ecosystems of East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Geoderma 152(1–2):127–136. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funakawa S, Hirai H, Kyuma K (1993) Speciation of Al in soil solution from forest soils in northern Kyoto with special reference to their pedogenetic process. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 39:281–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Funakawa S, Watanabe T, Kosaki T (2008) Regional trends in the chemical and mineralogical properties of upland soils in humid Asia: with special reference to the WRB classification scheme. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54(5):751–760. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00294.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gray JM, Humphreys GS, Deckers JA (2009) Relationships in soil distribution as revealed by a global soil database. Geoderma 150(3–4):309–323. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.02.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann L, Anongrak N, Zarei M, Schuler U, Spohrer K (2007) Factors and processes of gibbsite formation in Northern Thailand. Catena 71(2):279–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang PM, Wang MK, Kampf N, Schulze DG (2002) Aluminum hydroxides. In: Dixon JB, Schulze DG (eds) Soil mineralogy with environmental applications. SSSA Book Series 7. SSSA, Madison, pp 261–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudson BD (1995) Reassessment of Polynov ion mobility series. Soil Sci Soc Am J 59(4):1101–1103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil resources 2014, Update 2015. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson ML (1963) Aluminum bonding in soils: a unifying principle in soil science. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 27(1):1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karathanasis AD (2002) Mineral equilibria in environmental soil systems. In: Dixon JB, Schulze DG (eds) Soil mineralogy with environmental applications. vol SSSA Book Series 7. SSSA, Madison, pp 109–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Karathanasis AD, Adams F, Hajek BF (1983) Stability relationships in kaolinite, gibbsite, and Al-hydroxyinterlayered vermiculite soil systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 47(6):1247–1251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch CB, Bentzon MD, Larsen EW, Borggaard OK (1992) Clay mineralogy of two Ultisols from Central Kalimantan. Soil Sci 154:158–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lasaga AC (1998) Rate laws of chemical reactions. In: Kinetic theory in the Earth sciences. Princeton Series in Geochemistry. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 3–151

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay WL (1979) Aluminosilicate minerals. In: Chemical equilibria in soils. Wiley, New York, pp 56–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Malla PB (2002) Vermiculites. In: Dixon JB, Schulze DG (eds) Soil mineralogy with environmental applications. vol SSSA Book Series 7. SSSA, Madison, pp 501–529

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeague JA, Day JH (1966) Dithionite- and oxalate-extractable Fe and Al as aids in differentiating various classes of soils. Can J Soil Sci 46:13–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray HH, Keller WD (1993) Kaolins, kaolins, and kaolins. In: Murray HH, Bundy WM, Harvey CC (eds) Kaolin genesis and utilization. The Clay Mineral Society, Boulder, pp 1–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagy KL (1995) Dissolution and precipitation kinetics of sheet silicates. In: White FA, Brantley SL (eds) Chemical weathering rates of silicate minerals, vol 31. Reviews in Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp 173–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Nahon DB (1991) Introduction to major geochemical processes of weathering. In: Introduction to the petrology of soils and chemical weathering. Wiley, New York, pp 1–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakao A, Funakawa S, Watanabe T, Kosaki T (2009) Pedogenic alterations of illitic minerals represented by Radiocaesium interception potential in soils with different soil moisture regimes in humid Asia. Eur J Soil Sci 60 (1):139–152. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01098.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Ndayiragije S, Delvaux B (2003) Coexistence of allophane, gibbsite, kaolinite and hydroxy-Al-interlayered 2: 1 clay minerals in a perudic Andosol. Geoderma 117:203–214. doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00123-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norfleet ML, Karathanasis AD, Smith BR (1993) Soil solution composition relative to mineral distribution in Blue Ridge Mountain soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 57(5):1375–1380

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta S, Effendi S (1993) Ultisols of lowland dipterocarp forest in east Kalimantan, Indonesia, III. Clay minerals, free oxides, and exchangeable cations. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 39:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parfitt RL (1978) Anion adsorption by soils and soil materials. In: Brady NC (ed) Advances in agronomy, vol 30. Academic Press Inc., New York, pp 1–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Percival HJ, Parfitt RL, Scott NA (2000) Factors controlling soil carbon levels in New Zealand grasslands: is clay content important? Soil Sci Soc Am J 64(5):1623–1630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price JR, Velbel MA (2003) Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chem Geol 202:397–416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rai D, Kittrick JA (1989) Mineral equilibria and the soil system. In: Dixon JB, Weed SB (eds) Minerals in soil environments. vol SSSA Book Series 1, 2nd edn. SSSA, Madison, pp 161–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen C, Dahlgren RA, Southard RJ (2010) Basalt weathering and pedogenesis across an environmental gradient in the southern Cascade Range, California, USA. Geoderma 154(3–4):473–485. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen C, Matsuyama N, Dahlgren RA, Southard RJ, Brauer N (2007) Soil genesis and mineral transformation across an environmental gradient on andesitic lahar. Soil Sci Soc Am J 71(1):225–237. doi:10.2136/sssaj2006.0100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid-Soukup DA, Ulery AL (2002) Smectites. In: Dixon JB, Schulze DG (eds) Soil mineralogy with environmental applications. vol SSSA Book Series 7. SSSA, Madison, pp 467–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Righi D, Terribile F, Petit S (1999) Pedogenic formation of kaolinite-smectite mixed layers in a soil toposequence developed from basaltic parent material in Sardinia (Italy). Clay Clay Miner 47:505–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaetzl R, Anderson S (2005a) Soil parent materials. In: Soils: genesis and geomorphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 167–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaetzl R, Anderson S (2005b) Weathering. In: Soils: genesis and geomorphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 226–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze DG (2002) An introduction to soil mineralogy. In: Dixon JB, Schulze DG (eds) Soil mineralogy with environmental applications. vol SSSA Book Series 7. SSSA, Madison, pp 1–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwertmann U (1985) The effect of pedogenic environments on iron oxide minerals. In: Stewart BA (ed) Advances in soil science, vol 1. Springer, New York, pp 171–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Shang C, Zelazny L (2008) Selective dissolution techniques for mineral analysis of soils and sediments. In: Ulery AL, Drees LR (eds) Methods of soil analysis Part 5 mineralogical methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, pp 33–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Supriatna S, Djamal B, Heryanto R, Sanyoto P (1994) Geological map of Indonesia, Banjarmasin sheet. Geological research and development center, Bandung

    Google Scholar 

  • Supriatna S, Heryanto R, Sanyoto P (1993) Geological map of Indonesia, Singkawang sheet. Geological research and development center, Bandung

    Google Scholar 

  • Thornthwaite CW (1948) An approach toward a rational classification o f climate. Geogr Rev 38:55–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torrent J, Schwertmann U, Schulze DG (1980) Iron-oxide mineralogy of some soils of 2 river terrace sequences in Spain. Geoderma 23(3):191–208

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uehara G, Gillman G (1981) Chemistry. In: The mineralogy, chemistry, and physics of tropical soils with variable charge clays. Westview tropical agriculture series, vol 4. Westviwe Press, Inc., Colorado, pp 31–95

    Google Scholar 

  • van Bemmelen RW (1970) The geology of Indonesia, vol vol. IA, 2nd edn. the Government Printing Office of the Netherlands, The Hague

    Google Scholar 

  • van Breemen N, Brinkman R (1976) Chemical equilibria and soil formation. In: Bolt GH, Wruggenwert MGM (eds) Soil chemistry, A. Basic elements. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, pp 141–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Vazquez FM (1981) Formation of gibbsite in soils and saprolites of temperature-humid zones. Clay Miner 16(1):43–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vingiani S, Righi D, Petit S, Terribile F (2004) Mixed-layer kaolinite-smectite minerals in a red-black soil sequence from basalt in Sardinia (Italy). Clay Clay Miner 52(4):473–483. doi:10.1346/ccmn.2004.0520408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T, Funakawa S, Kosaki T (2006) Clay mineralogy and its relationship to soil solution composition in soils from different weathering environments of humid Asia: Japan, Thailand and Indonesia. Geoderma 136(1–2):51–63. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2006.02.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T, Hase E, Funakawa S, Kosaki T (2015) Inhibitory effect of soil micropores and small mesopores on phosphate extraction from soils. Soil Sci 180(3):97–106. doi:10.1097/ss.0000000000000116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe T, Hasenaka Y, Hartono A, Sabiham S, Nakao A, Funakawa S (2017) Parent Materials and Climate Control Secondary Mineral Distributions in Soils of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Soil Sci Soc Am J (In press). doi:10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0263

  • Watanabe T, Ogawa N, Funakawa S, Kosaki T (2008) Relationship between chemical and mineralogical properties and the rapid response to acid load of soils in humid Asia: Japan, Thailand and Indonesia. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 54(6):856–869. doi:10.1111/j.1747-0765.2008.00316.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This chapter is derived from Watanabe et al. (2017) published in Soil Science Society of America Journal, Soil Science Society of America, doi: 10.2136/sssaj2016.08.0263.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan

    Tetsuhiro Watanabe

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia

    Supiandi Sabiham

Authors
  1. Tetsuhiro Watanabe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Supiandi Sabiham
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tetsuhiro Watanabe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    Shinya Funakawa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer Japan KK

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Watanabe, T., Sabiham, S. (2017). Parent Materials and Climate Control Secondary Mineral Distributions in Soils of Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: Funakawa, S. (eds) Soils, Ecosystem Processes, and Agricultural Development. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56484-3_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation