Abstract
The simultaneous development of cardiac and thoracic surgery in the 1940s and 1950s, combined with the fact that many surgeons are trained to perform cardiac and thoracic operations, has naturally led to the performance of simultaneous cardiac and pulmonary operations. However, these procedures are uncommon owing to theoretical concerns regarding the adverse effects of combining the operations. No general agreement exists as to how such operations should be organized and conducted. There appears to be an increase in both operative mortality and surgical morbidity for combined operations compared to isolated cardiac and thoracic operations. Staged, rather than combined, surgery may provide a cancer-specific survival benefit.
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Ferguson, M.K. (2017). Combined Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery. In: Ziemer, G., Haverich, A. (eds) Cardiac Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-52672-9_34
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