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Encyclopedia of Astrobiology pp 2058–2073Cite as

Protoplanetary Disk, Chemistry

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Definition

Protoplanetary disks (PPDs) surrounding young stars are short-lived (∼1–10 Myr), compact (∼10–1,000 AU) rotating reservoirs of gas and dust. Disks are believed to be the birthplaces of planetary systems, where tiny grains are assembled into pebbles, planetesimals, and eventually planets, asteroids, and comets. The evolution of gas and grain growth in disks is related to the redistribution and transport of angular momentum, which is thought to be governed by magnetohydrodynamical turbulence. The intense high-energy radiation from one or more young stars and strong spatial and temporal variations in the physical conditions (accretion rate, temperature, density, grain sizes) make a variety of chemical processes active in protoplanetary disks. In PPDs, simple molecules are rapidly produced in the gas phase via ion-molecule and neutral-neutral reactions. The more complex (organic) species in disks are slowly synthesized on and in the icy mantles of dust grains and later are...

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max Planck Institute of Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany

    Dmitry Semenov

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  1. Dmitry Semenov
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Correspondence to Dmitry Semenov .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS-Universite de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Floirac, France

    Muriel Gargaud

  2. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

    William M. Irvine

  3. Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Ricardo Amils

  4. Earth–Life Science Institute (ELSI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro–ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Henderson James (Jim) Cleaves II

  5. GEOTOP Research Center for Geochemistry and Geodynamics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    Daniele L. Pinti

  6. Department of Astrophysics, Laboratory of Molecular Astrophysics, Iorrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain

    José Cernicharo Quintanilla

  7. LESIA, Observatoire Paris-Site de Meudon, Meudon, France

    Daniel Rouan

  8. Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Planetenforschung, Berlin, Germany

    Tilman Spohn

  9. Centre François Viéte d'Histoire des Sciences et des Techniques EA 1161, Faculté des Sciences et des, Techniques de Nantes, Nantes, France

    Stéphane Tirard

  10. CNES/DSP/SME, Vétérinaire/DVM, Astro/Exobiology, Paris Cedex 1, France

    Michel Viso

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Semenov, D. (2015). Protoplanetary Disk, Chemistry. In: Gargaud, M., et al. Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1300

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