Abstract
In the past several years ad hoc networking has received a lot of attention from the wireless research community and from industry. Unlike classical cellular networks where communications is highly asymmetric, ad hoc networks form when similar stations come into close proximity and spontaneously communicate. For this reason ad hoc networks must form their own infrastructure in a dynamic and distributed fashion, without any centralized coordination. The applications often quoted for ad hoc networks include combat systems, disaster area networks and campus/conference networks. As wireless communications is increasingly embedded into various objects and devices, the role of ad hoc networking is expected to expand.
Much of commercial wireless communications is predominantly omni directional. In the past decade however, adaptive antenna arrays (AAAs) have been widely studied for use in mobile applications [2–5]. Unfortunately, multiple antenna systems have only slowly found their way into commercial applications mainly due to their cost and poor support from legacy air interfaces, especially those based on frequency division duplexing. The cost of multiple antenna systems has been dropping steadily in the past few years and it is now widely anticipated that adaptive antenna arrays will eventually find use in future ad hoc networks. The potential benefits of using AAAs in ad hoc networks include increased network capacity, improved service quality, increased wireless range extension and improved low power node operation.
In this chapter, we will review much of the recent work associated with the merging of adaptive antenna arrays and ad hoc networks. Our discussion will focus on this combination from a media access control protocol viewpoint. We will focus on how these types of protocols must be changed to accommodate AAAs compared with the classical omni directional antenna case.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C. Perkins (Editor). “Ad Hoc Networking”. Addison-Wesley, 2000
J. Litva and T. K. Lo. “Digital Beamforming in Wireless Communications”. Artech House, 1996
D. M. Pozar and D. H. Schaubert. “Microstrip Antennas: The analysis and design of micro-strip antennas and arrays”. IEEE Press, 1995
J. Lu and T. Ohira. “Smart Antennas at wireless mobile computer terminals and mobile stations”. In IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. USNC/URSI Nat. Radio Sci. Meeting, July 2001
T. Ohira and K. Gyoda.“Electronically Steerable Passive Array Radiator (ESPAR)”. In IEEE International Conference on Phased Array Systems, May 2000
J. Ju and V. O. K. Li.“An Optimal Topology-Transparent Scheduling Method in Multihop Packet Radio Networks”. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 6 (3), June 1998
P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar. “The Capacity of Wireless Networks”. IEEE Transactiona on Information Theory, 46 (2), March 2000
IEEE Standards Department. “ANSI/IEEE Standard 802.11 - Wireless LAN”. IEEE Press, 1999
J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth: Connect Without Cables, Prentice-Hall Inc., 2001
J. Zander.“Slotted ALOHA multihop packet radio networks directional antennas”. Elec-tronic Letters, 26 (25), 1990
T. S.Yum and K. W. Hung.“Design Algorithms for Multihop Packet Radio Networks with Multiple Directional Antennas”. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 40 (11), 1992
Y. B. Ko, V. Shankarkumar and N. Vaidya. “Medium access protocols using directional antennas in ad hoc networks”. In Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000, March 2000
A. Nasipuri, S. Ye, J. You and R. E. Hiromoto. “A MAC Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Net-works Using Directional Antennas”. In Proceedings of IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), September 2000
M. Sanchez, T. Giles and J. Zander.“CSMA/CA with Beam Forming Antennas in Multi-hop Packet Radio”. In Swedish workshop on Wireless Ad hoc Networks 2001, March 2001
S. Bandyopadhyay, K. Hasuike, S. Horisawa and S. Tawara. “An Adaptive MAC and Directional Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Wireless Network Using ESPAR Antenna”. In The ACM Symposium on Mobile Adhoc Networking and Computing (MOBIHOC 2001), October 2001
R. Ramanathan. “On the Performance of Ad Hoc Networks with Beamforming Anten-nas”. In The ACM Symposium on Mobile Adhoc Networking and Computing (MOBIHOC 2001), October 2001
N. S. Fahmy, T. D. Todd and V. Kezys.“Ad Hoc Networks with Smart Antennas Using IEEE 802.11-Based Protocols”. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Com-munications (ICC), April 2002
A. Spyropoulos and C. S. Raghavendra. “Energy Efficient Communications in Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas”. In IEEE INFOCOM 2002, June 2002
S. Bellfiore, J. Foutz, R. Govindarajula, I. Bahceci, C. A. Balanis, A. S. Spanias, J. M. Capone and T. M. Duman. “Smart Antenna System Analysis, Integration and Performance for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)”. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propaga-tion, 50(5), May 2002
M. Takai, J. Martin, A. Ren and R. Bagrodia. “Directional Virtual Carrier Sensing for Di-rectional Antennas in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”. In International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MobiHoc 2002, June 2002
Z. Huang, C. Shen, C. Srisathapornphat and C. Jaikaeo. “A MAC Protocol Based on Directional Antenna and Busy-tone for Ad Hoc Networks”. In IEEE MILCOM, 2002
R. R. Choudhury, X. Yang, R. Ramanathan and N. H. Vaidya. “Using Directional Anten-nas for Medium Access Control in Ad Hoc Networks”. In Proceedings of The Eighth An-
N. S. Fahmy, T. D. Todd and V. Kezys. “Distributed Power Control for Ad Hoc Networks with Smart Antennas” In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall 2002), Sept. 2002
A. Nasipuri, K. Li, and U. R. Sappidi.“Power Consumption and Throughput in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks using Directional Antennas”. In IEEE International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN 2002), Oct. 2002
A. Nasipuri, J. Mandava, H. Manchala and R. E. Hiromoto. “On-Demand Routing Using Directional Antennas in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”. In IEEE International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN 2000), Oct. 2000
T. S. Rappaport and J. C. Liberti. `Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications“. Prentice Hall, 1999
C. Balanis. “Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design”. John Wiley, 1997
F. Rashid-Farrokhi, L. Tassiulas and K. J. Ray Liu. “Joint Optimal Power Control and Beamforming in Wireless Networks Using Antenna Arrays” IEEE Transactions on Communications, 46(10), Oct. 1998
Harry L. Van Trees “Optimum Array Processing (Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part IV). John Wiley, 2002
D. Lal, R. Toshniwal, R. Radhakrishnan, D. P. Agrawal, J. J. Caffery,“ A Novel MAC Layer Protocol for Space Division Multiple Access in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”. In eleventh IEEE conference on computer communication and networks. 2002
T. ElBatt, T. Anderson and B. Ryu.“Performance Evaluation of Multiple Access Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks Using Directional Antennas”. In Proceedings of International Conference on Communications. May 2003
E. M. Royer and C-K Toh, “A Review of Current Routing Protocols for Ad hoc Wireless Networks”, IEEE Personal Communication, April 1999
A. Leon-Garcia and I. Widjaja.“Communications Networks, Fundamental Concepts and Key Architectures.” McGraw-Hill, 2000
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fahmy, N.S., Todd, T.D. (2004). Media Access Control for Ad Hoc Networks with Adaptive Antenna Arrays. In: Chandran, S. (eds) Adaptive Antenna Arrays. Signals and communication technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05592-2_30
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05592-2_30
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-05775-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-05592-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive