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Australian Sediment-Hosted Zinc-Lead-Silver Deposits: Recent Developments and Ideas

  • Chapter
Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores

Part of the book series: Special Publication of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits ((MINERAL DEPOS.,volume 10))

Abstract

Australia is particularly well endowed with large stratiform sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits of Middle Proterozoic age, the main examples being Broken Hill,Mount Isa, Hilton, McArthur River and Century. These deposits formed in intracratonic rifts during a remarkably brief mineralizing event around 1690–1670Ma, and their genesis appears to have been linked, at least indirectly, to igneous events. The mineralization in each comprises syngenetic and/or diagenetic components. Broken Hill can be distinguished from the other deposits, having formed in a rift characterized by more abundant bimodal volcanism and lower S availability, which was later subjected to high grades of regional metamorphism.

It appears that two features, which evolved in the Early to Middle Proterozoic, paved the way for the formation of major stratiform sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits. These were the enrichment of Pb in the upper crust through cycles of K-rich felsic igneous activity and the accumulation of thick piles of sediments, including evaporites, in intracratonic rifts. Compared with volcanogenic Cu-Zn deposits which are common in Late Archaean and Phanerozoic terranes, the sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits apparently formed at lower temperatures and from more saline fluids.

In the Palaeozoic of eastern Australia, there are no significant stratiform sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag deposits, but there are important Zn-Pb-rich volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits including Rosebery, Que River, Hellyer, Benambra, Woodlawn and Thalanga. These occur in predominantly felsic volcanic sequences, and some of them pass laterally into carbonaceous shale lenses. The ores formed at and near the sea bed in fault controlled sub-basins within generally shallow water basins, from hydrothermal fluids which included major components of seawater. There are also significant discordant sediment-hosted deposits at Elura, CSA and The Peak, in Siluro-Devonian flysch facies above a speculated rift sequence in the Cobar Basin formed over a basement detachment ramp. These appear to have been emplaced from metamorphic fluids, during a period of transfer/wrench faulting, possibly accompanied by granite intrusion. It is postulated that the metals were dissolved largely fromthe underlying trough sequence, with Late Silurian volcanogenic mineralization being the major source.

In Western Australia, several deposits of Middle Palaeozoic, carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb display typical characteristics of Mississippi Valley type deposits, including Cadjebut, Blendevale, and Admiral Bay in the Canning Basin, and Sorby Hills in the neighbouring Bonaparte Gulf Basin. They formed epigenetically from highly saline, hydrocarbon-bearing basin brines, which dissolved metals from the deep basin strata and basement, and were expelled mainly along fault zones, to form both space-fill and replacement deposits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. North Broken Hill Peko Limited, 476 St. Kilda Road Melbourne, Vic, 3004, Australia

    P. J. Legge

  2. Elisian Resources 2 Bonwick Place Garran, ACT, 2605, Australia

    I. B. Lambert

Authors
  1. P. J. Legge
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  2. I. B. Lambert
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Départment de Minéralogie, Université de Genève, 13, rue des Maraîchers, 1211, Genève, Switzerland

    Lluís Fontboté

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Napoli, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138, Napoli, Italy

    Maria Boni

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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Legge, P.J., Lambert, I.B. (1994). Australian Sediment-Hosted Zinc-Lead-Silver Deposits: Recent Developments and Ideas. In: Fontboté, L., Boni, M. (eds) Sediment-Hosted Zn-Pb Ores. Special Publication of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03054-7_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03054-7_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-03056-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03054-7

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