Skip to main content

Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles and Connected Renewable Energy Systems in a Micro Grid Environment of a University Campus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Transforming Mobility – What Next?
  • 3918 Accesses

Abstract

Integrated systems with electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources are being widely considered as a first step building smart cities. A micro grid environment with wind, batteries, solar PV, and grid can be considered to together supply/store energy in the presence of EVs and home load demand. In such a case the role of an Energy Management Strategy (EMS) in combination with reliable forecasting is vital. Energy Management Strategy has been widely considered in literature mainly designed from the grid perspective. Considering the constraints associated with the EVs such as driving routes, charging facilities, and user driving patterns, EMS can be designed to suit the driver/vehicle requirements. The goal of this contribution is to conceptualize an EMS for university campus as example. Here, aspects of optimal charge scheduling of the connected EVs to minimize the customer’s electricity costs are crucial. The multi-objective, multi-constraint, EMS problem guides optimal energy flows between the sub-systems, considering the intermittency of supply/demand, stochastic nature of EV arrival times and energy cost. The main idea is to include and to combine user preferences to design the EMS from vehicle’s and grid perspectives. Another focus is to maximize the use of renewables and minimize grid dependency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 149.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Alsumiri, M. (2019). Residual incremental conductance based nonparametric MPPT control for solar photovoltaic energy conversion system. IEEE Access, 7, 87901–87906. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2925687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatti, A. R., Salam, Z., Aziz, M. J. B. A., Yee, K. P., & Ashique, R. H. (2016). Electric vehicles charging using photovoltaic: Status and technological review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bose, B., Kumar Tayal, V., & Moulik, B. (2020). Multi-loop multi-objective control of solar hybrid ev charging infrastructure for workplace. 2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN), 491–496. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCCN51052.2020.9362768.

  • Cao, J., Crozier, C., McCulloch, M., & Fan, Z. (2019). Optimal design and operation of a low carbon community based multi-energy systems considering EV integration. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 10(3), 1217–1226. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2018.2864123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra Mouli, G. R., Bauer, P., & Zeman, M. (2016). System design for a solar powered electric vehicle charging station for workplaces. Applied Energy, 168(2016), 434–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandra Mouli, G. R., Kefayati, M., Baldick, R., & Bauer, P. (2019). Integrated PV charging of EV fleet based on energy prices, V2G, and offer of reserves. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 10(2), 1313–1325. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2763683.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhari, K., Ukil, A., Kumar, K. N., Manandhar, U., & Kollimalla, S. K. (2018). Hybrid optimization for economic deployment of ESS in PV-integrated ev charging stations. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 14(1), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2017.2713481.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, H. M., Li, W. T., Yuen, C., Wen, C. K., & Crespi, N. (2018). Electric vehicle charge scheduling mechanism to maximize cost efficiency and user convenience. ArXiv, 10(3), 3020–3030.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldeeb, H. H., Hariri, A. O., Lashway, C. R., & Mohammed, O. A. (2017). Optimal sizing of inverters and energy storage for power oscillation limiting in grid connected large scale electric vehicle park with renewable energy. 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), V, 288–293. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2017.7993286.

  • Eldeeb, H. H., Faddel, S., & Mohammed, O. A. (2018). Multi-objective optimization technique for the operation of grid tied PV powered EV charging station. Electric Power Systems Research, 164, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2018.08.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koohi-Kamali, S., Rahim, N. A., & Mokhlis, H. (2014). Smart power management algorithm in microgrid consisting of photovoltaic, diesel, and battery storage plants considering variations in sunlight, temperature, and load. Energy Conversion and Management, 84, 562–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.04.072.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Li, Y., Liang, H., He, J., & Cui, H. (2019). Energy routing control strategy for integrated microgrids including photovoltaic. Battery-energy storage and electric vehicles. Energies, 12(2), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • M., A., I., A., & M., H. (2013). Maximum power extraction from utility-interfaced wind turbines. In New developments in renewable energy. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/54675.

  • M. Ali, A., Moulik, B., & Söffker, D. (2020). Optimizing the fuel efficiency of fuel cell-based hybrid electric vehicles considering real implications. In Neue Dimensionen der Mobilität (S. 185–194). Springer Fachmedien. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29746-6_17.

  • Marzband, M., Sumper, A., Domínguez-García, J. L., & Gumara-Ferret, R. (2013). Experimental validation of a real time energy management system for microgrids in islanded mode using a local day-ahead electricity market and MINLP. Energy Conversion and Management, 76, 314–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.07.053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milis, K., & Peremans, H. (2015). Economical optimization of microgrids: A non-causal model. Volume 2: Photovoltaics; Renewable-Non-Renewable Hybrid Power System; Smart Grid, Micro-Grid Concepts; Energy Storage; Solar Chemistry; Solar Heating and Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Transportation; Symposium on Integrated/Sustainable Buil, 2. https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2015-49634.

  • Mokrani, Z., Rekioua, D., & Rekioua, T. (2014). Modeling, control and power management of hybrid photovoltaic fuel cells with battery bank supplying electric vehicle. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(27), 15178–15187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee, J. C., & Gupta, A. (2015). A review of charge scheduling of electric vehicles in smart grid. IEEE Systems Journal, 9(4), 1541–1553. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2014.2356559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson, M., Macia, N. F., & Kannan, A. M. (2015). Hybrid microgrid model based on solar photovoltaic battery fuel cell system for intermittent load applications. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 30(1), 359–366. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2014.2352554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robalino, D. M., Kumar, G., Uzoechi, L. O., Chukwu, U. C., & Mahajan, S. M. (2009). Design of a docking station for solar charged electric and fuel cell vehicles. 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, 2, 655–660. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCEP.2009.5211977.

  • Robledo, C. B., Oldenbroek, V., Abbruzzese, F., & van Wijk, A. J. M. (2018). Integrating a hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle with vehicle-to-grid technology, photovoltaic power and a residential building. Applied Energy, 215, 615–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.038.

  • Ru, Y., Kleissl, J., & Martinez, S. (2013). Storage size determination for grid-connected photovoltaic systems. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 4(1), 68–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2012.2199339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, W., Li, N., Chu, C.-C., & Gadh, R. (2017). Real-time energy management in microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(1), 228–238. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2462294.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stluka, P., Godbole, D., & Samad, T. (2011). Energy management for buildings and microgrids. IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference, 5150–5157. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2011.6161051.

  • Wu, X., Hu, X., Moura, S., Yin, X., & Pickert, V. (2016). Stochastic control of smart home energy management with plug-in electric vehicle battery energy storage and photovoltaic array. Journal of Power Sources, 333, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., Peng, H., Ning, Z., Mu, Z., & Sun, C. (2017). Comparative research on RC equivalent circuit models for lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles. Applied Sciences, 7(10), 1002. https://doi.org/10.3390/app7101002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, Q., Buckley, S., Vassallo, A., & Sun, Y. (2018). Energy cost minimization through optimization of EV, home and workplace battery storage. Science China Technological Sciences, 61(5), 761–773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9188-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bedatri Moulik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert durch Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Moulik, B., Bose, B., Ali, A.M., Söffker, D. (2022). Energy Management Strategy for Electric Vehicles and Connected Renewable Energy Systems in a Micro Grid Environment of a University Campus. In: Proff, H. (eds) Transforming Mobility – What Next?. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36430-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36430-4_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-658-36429-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-658-36430-4

  • eBook Packages: Business and Economics (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics