Automobile Catalytic Converters

1. Front Matter

   Pages i-vii

   PDF

2. Introduction

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 1-1

3. Emission Regulations in the United States

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 1-3

4. Exhaust Emission Characteristics

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 3-5

5. 1981 Emission Control Technology

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 5-8

6. Catalyst Screening

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 8-10

7. Laboratory Testing

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 10-13

8. The Chemical Reactions

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 13-16

9. Composition of Three-Way Catalysts

   • Kathleen C. Taylor

   Pages 16-25

10. Catalyst Supports

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 25-27

11. The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 27-35

12. Deterioration of Three-Way Catalysts

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 35-41

13. The 0.4 NO _x Research Objective

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 41-42

14. Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 42-43

15. Exhaust Gas Purification for Europe

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 43-45

16. Concluding Remarks

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 45-46

17. References

    • Kathleen C. Taylor

    Pages 46-51

18. Back Matter

    Pages 53-56

    PDF

The use of catalytic converters for the purification of automotive exhaust gases is a relatively new technology which was brought into existence by social pressures for the preservation of acceptable environmental conditions. The majority of catalytic practitioners have been able to watch the growth of this technology from its inception to its current state of sophistication. Automotive catalytic converter technology is now in a mature state, and this chapter from Vol. 5 Catalysis: Science and Technology by Dr. K. C. Taylor provides a review which covers both the process chemistry and the most important converter design factors. Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Emission Regulations in the United States. 3. Exhaust Emission Characteristics. . 3 4. 1981 Emission Control Technology. 5 A. Converters. . . 5 B. Control System. 7 8 ~. Catalyst Screening . 6. Laboratory Testing. .10 7. The Chemical Reactions 13 8. Composition of Three-Way Catalysts. 16 A. Rhodium 17 21 B. Platinum. C. Palladium 22 D. Iridium . 22 23 E. Ruthenium and Nickel. F. Cerium Oxide ..... 23 G. Search for Alternatives to Nohle Metals 24 9. Catalyst Supports . 25 A. Pellets .... 26 B. Monoliths . . 26 10. The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts 27 II. Deterioration of Three-Way Catalysts. 35 A. Thermal Effects. . . . 35 B. Phosphorus Poisoning. . . 37 C. Lead Poisoning. . . . . . · 38 D. Catalyst Poisoning by Sulfur · 40 12. The 0.4 NO,; Research Objective. · 41 13. Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions.

• Abgaskatalysator
• Automobil
• Chemical reaction
• Oxide
• emissions
• water quality and water pollution
• air pollution and air quality

• Physical Chemistry Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, USA

  Kathleen C. Taylor

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