Abstract
The discovery that glycogen phosphorylase was controlled by a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism [1] was the first example of enzyme regulation by reversible covalent modification, and phosphorylase kinase [2] and glycogen synthase [3] were the second and third enzymes in which this phenomenon was identified. However, enzyme regulation by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation is not confined to glycogen metabolism and over 20 enzymes are now known to be controlled in this manner [4]. An important generality that seems to be emerging is that enzymes in biodegradative pathways are activated by phosphorylation whereas enzymes in biosynthetic pathways are inactivated by phosphorylation [5, 6] (Table 1). Two implications of this finding are that different enzymes may be regulated by the same protein kinases and protein phosphatases, or that different protein kinases and protein phosphatases may respond to the same effector molecules. These ideas are already established in the case of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PrK) and Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinases.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Krebs E, Fischer EH (1956) Biochim Biophys Acta 20: 150–157.
Krebs EG, Graves DJ, Fischer EH (1959) J Biol Chem 234: 2867.
Friedman DL, Larner J (1963) Biochemistry 2: 669–675.
Krebs EG, Beavo JA (1979) Annu Rev Biochem 48: 23–59.
Cohen P, Embi N, Foulkes JG, Hardie DG, Nimmo GA, Rylatt DB, Shenolikar S (1979) Miami Winter Symp 16: 463481.
Cohen P (1980) In: Cohen P (ed) Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol I. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 255–269.
Steinberg D (1976) Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Res 7: 157–198.
Nimmo HG (1980) In: Cohen (ed) Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol I. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 135–152.
Hardie DG, Guy PS (1980) Eur J Biochem 110: 167–177.
Brownsey RW, Hardie DG (1980) FEBS Lett 120: 67–70.
Yagi K, Yazawa M, Kakiuchi S, Oshimo M, Uenishi K (1978) J Biol Chem 253: 1338–1340.
Cohen P, Burchell A, Foulkes JG, Cohen PTW, Vanaman TC, Nairn AC (1978) FEBS Lett 92: 287–293.
Cohen P, Klee CB, Picton C, Shenolikar S (1980) Ann NY Acad Sci 356: 151–161.
Yamauchi T, Fujisawa H (1980) FEBS Lett 116: 141–144.
Schulman H, Greengard P (1978) Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 75: 5432–5436.
Yeaman SJ, Cohen P, Watson DC, Dixon GH (1977) Biochem J 162: 411421.
Proud CG, Rylatt DB, Yeaman SJ, Cohen P (1977) FEBS Lett 80: 435442.
Huang TS, Feramisco JR, Glass DB, Krebs EG (1979) Miami Winter Symp 16: 449–461.
Parker PJJ, Embi N, Cohen P (1981) FEBS Lett 123: 332–336.
Embi N, Rylatt DB, Cohen P (1979) Eur J Biochem 100: 339–347.
Rylatt DB, Aitken A, Bilham T, Condon GD, Embi N, Cohen P (1980) Eur J Biochem 107: 529–537.
Cohen P, Rylatt DB, Nimmo GA (1977) FEBS Lett 76: 182–186.
Nolan C, Novoa WB, Krebs EG, Fischer EH (1964) Biochemistry 3: 542.
Yeaman SJ, Cohen P (1975) Eur J Biochem 51: 93404.
Cohen P (1980) Eur J Biochem 111: 563–574.
Cohen P (1973) Eur J Biochem 34: 1–14.
Cohen P (1980) FEBS Lett 119: 301–306.
Singh TJ, Wang JH (1977) J Biol Chem 252: 625–632.
Wang JH, Stull JT, Huang TS, Krebs EG (1976) J Biol Chem 251: 4521–4527.
Nimmo HG, Cohen P (1977) Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Res 8: 145–226.
Cohen P (1978) Curr Top Cell Regul 14: 117–196.
Embi N, Parker PJJ, Cohen P (1981) Eur J Biochem 115: 405413.
Antoniw JF, Cohen P (1976) Eur J Biochem 68: 45–54.
Antoniw JF, Nimmo HG, Yeaman SJ, Cohen P (1977) Biochem J 162: 423433.
Huang FL, Glinsmann WH (1976) Eur J Biochem 70: 419426.
Cohen P, Nimmo GA, Antoniw JF (1977) Biochem J 162: 435–444.
Nimmo GA, Cohen P (1978) Eur J Biochem 87: 341–351., 353-365
Foulkes JG, Cohen P (1980) Eur J Biochem 105: 195–203.
Reed LJ, Pettit FH, Yeaman SJ, Teague WM and Bleile DM (1980) FEBS Symp 60: 47–56.
Stewart AA, Hemmings B, Cohen P,Goris J, Merlevede W (1981) Eur J Biochem 115: 197–205.
Embi N, Rylatt DB, Cohen P (1980) Eur J Biochem 107: 519–527.
Foulkes JG, Cohen P (1979) Eur J Biochem 97: 251–256.
Khatra BS, Chiasson JL, Shikama H, Exton JH, Soderling TR (1980) FEBS Lett 114: 253–256.
Cohen P, Nimmo GA, Shenolikar S, Foulkes JG (1978) Krause EG, Pinna L, Wollenberger A (eds) FEBS Symp vol 54, Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 161–169.
Foulkes JG, Jefferson LS, Cohen P (1980) FEBS Lett 112: 21–24.
Kuo JF, Greengard P (1969) Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 64: 1349–1355.
Burchell A, Foulkes JG, Cohen PTW, Condon GD, Cohen P (1978) FEBS Lett 92: 68–72.
Ingebritsen TS, Gibson DM (1980) In: Cohen P (ed) Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol. I, Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 63–94.
Boyd GS, Gorbon AM (1980) In: Cohen P (ed) (1980) Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol. I. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 95–134.
Hardie DG, Cohen P (1979) FEBS Lett 103: 333–338.
Stewart AA, Crouch D, Cohen P, Safer B (1980) FEBS Lett 118: 16–19.
Hardie DG (1980) In: Cohen P (ed) Molecular aspects of cellular regulation, vol. I. Elsevier/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 33–62.
Merlevede W, Riley GA (1966) J Biol Chem 241: 3521–3524.
Merlevede W, Goris J, DeBrandt C (1969) Eur J Biochem 11: 499–502.
Chelala CA, Torres HN (1970) Biochim Biophys Acta 198: 504–513.
Tellez-Inon MT, Torres HN (1973) Biochim Biophys Acta 297: 399–412.
Kalala LR, Goris J, Merlevede W (1973) FEBS Lett 32: 284–288.
Goris J, Defreyn G, Merlevede W (1979) FEBS Lett 99: 279–282.
Goris J, Dopere F, Vandenheede JR, Merlevede W (1980) FEBS Lett 117: 117–121.
Yang SD, Vandenheede JR, Goris J, Merlevede W (1980) FEBS Lett 111: 201–204.
Brandt H, Capulong ZL, Lee EYC (1975) J Biol Chem 250: 8038–8044.
Chou CK, Alfano J, Rosen OM (1977) J Biol Chem 252: 2855–2859.
Li HC, Hsiao KJ, Chan WWS (1978) Eur J Biochem 84: 215–225.
Killilea SD, Aylward JK, Mellgren RL, Lee EYC (1978) Arch Biochem Biophys 191: 638–646.
Khandelwahl RL (1979) Can J Biochem 57: 1337–1343.
Titanji VPK, Zetterqvist O, Engstrom L (1980) FEBS Lett 111: 209–213.
Lee EYC, Mellgren RL, Killilea SD, Aylward JT (1978) Esman V (ed) FEBS Symp, vol 43. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 327–346.
Ingebritsen TS, Foulkes JG, Cohen P (1980) FEBS Lett 119: 9–15.
Tamura S, Kikuchi K, Hiroya A, Kikuchi H, Hasokawa M, Tsuiki S (1978) Biochem Biophys Acta 524: 349–356.
Tamura S, Kikuchi H, Kikuchi K, Kiroya A, Tsuiki S (1980) Eur J Biochem 104: 347–355.
Tamura S, Tsuiki S (1980) Eur J Biochem 111: 217–224.
Lee EYC, Aylward JH, Mellgren RL, Killilea SD (1979) Miami Winter Symp 16: 483–499.
Crouch D, Safer B (1980) J Biol Chem 255: 7918–7924.
Pato MD, Adelstein RS (1980) J Biol Chem 255: 6535–6538.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1981 Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Cohen, P. et al. (1981). Classification of Protein Phosphatases Involved in Cellular Regulation. In: Holzer, H. (eds) Metabolic Interconversion of Enzymes 1980. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68211-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68211-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68213-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68211-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive