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Comprehensive Human Physiology pp 2307–2337Cite as

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems of the Fetus

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Abstract

Our knowledge of fetal physiology stems almost entirely from mammals other than the human. Most of the experimental evidence was produced in Artiodactyla, particularly in sheep and goat, and in rodents such as guinea pig, rabbit, rat, and mouse (Fig. 118.1) [75]. Only a few observations have been made in nonhuman primates. However, a number of responses and mechanisms in these species are phylogenetically old and hence may bear some relationship to those in the human. For example, the intrauterine environment as far as blood gas status and acid-base balance are concerned are largely similar in chronically instrumented fetal sheep and in human fetuses. Furthermore, the general neurohumoral circulatory and metabolic responses to acute and chronic O2 deficiency are comparable to some extent. Consequently, the chronically prepared sheep model has been most widely used to study fetal physiology. In this chapter an attempt is made to describe some important developmental features of the cardiovascular and respiratory system, some relevant aspects of energy metabolism and growth, and their integration by hormonal and nervous mechanisms.

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Authors
  1. A. Jensen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Physiologisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 7, 79104, Freiburg, Germany

    Rainer Greger

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., T2N 4N1, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

    Uwe Windhorst

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Jensen, A. (1996). Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems of the Fetus. In: Greger, R., Windhorst, U. (eds) Comprehensive Human Physiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_119

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_119

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64619-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-60946-6

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