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In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Characterise Estrogens and Antiestrogens

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Book cover Estrogens and Antiestrogens II

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 135 / 2))

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Abstract

In the following chapters, we describe in vitro and in vivo assays used to measure estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of Natural and synthetic hormones (Jordan et al. 1985: Gorill and Marshall 1986), phytoestrogens (Milksicek 1994; Knight and Eden 1995; Anderson 1997) and potentially estrogenic environmental chemicals (White et al. 1994; Dodge et al. 1996; Ramamoorthy et al. 1997; Routledge and Sumpter 1997). The spectrum of in vitro assays, reflecting the sequence of steps leading from binding of the ligand to the receptor, through gene activation, to a biological response, covers estrogen-receptor (ER) binding experiments, assays to measure the binding of the liganded ER to DNA, transactivation assays and the other cell-based assays able to predict some of the tissue-specific effects of estrogens.

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Fritzemeier, KH., Hegele-Hartung, C. (1999). In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Characterise Estrogens and Antiestrogens. In: Estrogens and Antiestrogens II. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 135 / 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60107-1_1

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