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Temperature Stress and Basic Bioenergetic Strategies for Stress Defence

  • Chapter
Algal Adaptation to Environmental Stresses

Abstract

Common sense tells us that “life implies work”. Therefore, every living cell must extract energy from the environment and convert it into a biologically utilizable form, viz. ATP. This fundamental process of biological energy conversion universally uses energy either from light (phototrophic processes) or from the oxidation of reduced material in the dark (chemotrophic, dissimilatory processes). Mechanistically speaking, chemotrophic energy conversion relies either on substrate level phosphorylation (ATP generation by intramolecular redox processes in a soluble cytosolic system) or on respiration which depends on electron transport processes in biological membranes and needs external oxidants of sufficiently positive redox potential (Schlegel 1975). Also photosynthesis generally depends on the membrane-bound electron transport; the only known exception, halobacterial photophosphorylation through bacteriorhodopsin-mediated light-driven conformational proton-pumping (Oesterhelt et al. 1977; Lanyi 1978; Renthal 1992), nevertheless belongs to the major category of chemiosmotic energy conversion which, like electron transport-dependent photosynthesis and respiration, inevitably needs membrane-bound charge separation systems (see Nicholls and Ferguson 1992).

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Abbreviations

RET:

Respiratory electron transport

PET:

Photosynthetic electron transport

CM:

Cytoplasmic or plasma membrane (plasmalemma)

ICM:

Intracytoplasmatic or thylakoid membrane

LPT:

Thermotropic lipid phase transition temperature

COX:

Cytochrome-c oxidase

RC:

(Photosynthetic) reaction centre

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  1. Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 42 and Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Wien, Austria

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Peschek, G.A., Zoder, R. (2001). Temperature Stress and Basic Bioenergetic Strategies for Stress Defence. In: Rai, L.C., Gaur, J.P. (eds) Algal Adaptation to Environmental Stresses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59491-5_8

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