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Genomic Plasticity in Polyploid Wheat

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Book cover Polyploidy and Genome Evolution

Abstract

The importance of hybridization and polyploidization in wheat speciation has been recognized for close to a century (Sakamura 1918; Kihara 1919, 1924, 1954; Percival 1921; Sax 1927). Following these pioneering works, it quickly became apparent that polyploid wheats are not the sum of their constituent genomes. This is not unexpected because the nascent hybrids/polyploids are equipped with a complex set of regulatory elements and of copy number variation that originate from two or more divergent genomes and that generate novel types of interactions and dosage effects. Moreover, they have to adjust at the cytological level, at the level of gene expression, and at the protein level. They also have to maintain genome stability through the regulation of meiotic pairing and recombination, the orchestration of cell division, and the silencing of transposons. The recent studies described here provide an impressive account with regard to the extent and the rapid time course at which a new genetic variant was established upon hybridization and polyploidization. We describe here the current knowledge on the changes that occurred in the wheat genome upon allopolyploidization, starting from the early evolutionary and cytological studies to the recent genomic analyses.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Beery Yaakov for his critical reading of the manuscript and Hakan Ozkan for providing part of the seed material for the project. This work was supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation (grant # 142/08 to K.K, and grant # 616/09 to A.A.L).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Sciences Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel

    Moshe Feldman & Avraham Levy

  2. UMR INRA 1165—CNRS 8114—UEVE, Organization and Evolution of Plant Genomes (OEPG), Unité de Recherche En Génomique Végétale (URGV), 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057, Evry Cedex, France

    Boulos Chalhoub

  3. Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel

    Khalil Kashkush

Authors
  1. Moshe Feldman
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  2. Avraham Levy
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  3. Boulos Chalhoub
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  4. Khalil Kashkush
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Correspondence to Khalil Kashkush .

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  1. , Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Museum Road, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA

    Pamela S. Soltis

  2. , Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Museum Road, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA

    Douglas E. Soltis

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Feldman, M., Levy, A., Chalhoub, B., Kashkush, K. (2012). Genomic Plasticity in Polyploid Wheat. In: Soltis, P., Soltis, D. (eds) Polyploidy and Genome Evolution. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31442-1_7

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