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Reactive Oxygen Species and Atherosclerosis

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Book cover Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are related with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. ROS originate from various sources, such as the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase, lipoxygenase, xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and particularly mitochondria. Nitric oxide synthesis impairment is a feature of endothelial dysfunction, is directly related with the development of atherosclerosis, and determines future vascular complications. In this sense, the role of oxidative stress is of great significance, although the pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying its action are not fully elucidated. This review considers the process of CVD in general and atherosclerosis in particular from a mitochondrial perspective. Although the relevance of antioxidants has been demonstrated by studies with cells and animals, their ineffectiveness in reducing cardiovascular death and morbidity in clinical trials has led many researchers to question the importance of oxidative stress in CVD. Accordingly, different approaches for the targeted delivery of antioxidants to mitochondria are being investigated. This review aims to provide a perspective of the following areas: the cellular metabolism of ROS and their role in CVD, currently available antioxidants and their prevention of oxidative stress-mediated diseases, and recent developments in mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a weapon against mitochondrial oxidative damage and their future as a treatment for CVDs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundacion para la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia, 46017, Spain

    Victor M. Victor

  2. Department of Physiology and CIBERehd, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

    Victor M. Victor

  3. Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain

    Victor M. Victor

  4. University Hospital Doctor Peset, Endocrinology Service, Avda Gaspar Aguilar 90, Valencia, 46017, Spain

    Victor M. Victor

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  1. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Ismail Laher

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Victor, V.M. (2014). Reactive Oxygen Species and Atherosclerosis. In: Laher, I. (eds) Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_53

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