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Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction pp 127–161Cite as

Neurocircuitry Involved in the Development of Alcohol Addiction: The Dopamine System and its Access Points

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Part of the book series: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences ((CTBN,volume 13))

Abstract

The brain reward system, and especially the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, plays a major role in drug reinforcement and is most likely involved in the development of drug addiction. All major drugs of abuse, including ethanol, acutely activate the mesolimbic dopamine system. Both this acute drug-induced dopamine elevation, the dopamine elevations observed after presentations of drug-associated stimuli and alterations of dopamine function induced by chronic drug administration are of importance. Whereas the mechanisms of actions for central stimulants, opioids and nicotine in their dopamine activating effects are fairly well established, the corresponding mechanisms with respect to ethanol have been elusive. Here we review the actions of ethanol in the mesolimbic dopamine system, focusing on ethanol’s interaction with ligand-gated ion-channel receptors, opiate receptors, the ghrelin system and the possible involvement of acetaldehyde. Preclinical studies have provided the opportunity to dissect these interactions in some detail and although we do not fully comprehend the actions of ethanol there have been some great advances resulting in increased knowledge of the complexity of ethanol’s mechanism of action in this system.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

Serotonin

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

ADHD:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

AMPA:

2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2- oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GHS-R:

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor

GlyR:

Glycine receptor

nAc:

Nucleus accumbens

nAChR:

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

NMDA:

n-methyl-d-aspartate

NR1/2:

NMDA receptor one/two

rt-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction

VTA:

Ventral tegmental area

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Addiction Biology Unit, Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Bo Söderpalm & Mia Ericson

  2. Beroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 15, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Bo Söderpalm

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  1. Bo Söderpalm
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  2. Mia Ericson
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Correspondence to Bo Söderpalm .

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  1. Abt. Psychopharmakologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, Mannheim, 68159, Germany

    Wolfgang H. Sommer

  2. Abt. Psychopharmakologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, J 5, Mannheim, 68159, Germany

    Rainer Spanagel

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Söderpalm, B., Ericson, M. (2011). Neurocircuitry Involved in the Development of Alcohol Addiction: The Dopamine System and its Access Points. In: Sommer, W., Spanagel, R. (eds) Behavioral Neurobiology of Alcohol Addiction. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28720-6_170

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