Skip to main content

Inferring Canonical Register Automata

  • Conference paper
Book cover Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation (VMCAI 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 7148))

Abstract

In this paper, we present an extension of active automata learning to register automata, an automaton model which is capable of expressing the influence of data on control flow. Register automata operate on an infinite data domain, whose values can be assigned to registers and compared for equality. Our active learning algorithm is unique in that it directly infers the effect of data values on control flow as part of the learning process. This effect is expressed by means of registers and guarded transitions in the resulting register automata models. The application of our algorithm to a small example indicates the impact of learning register automata models: Not only are the inferred models much more expressive than finite state machines, but the prototype implementation also drastically outperforms the classic L * algorithm, even when exploiting optimal data abstraction and symmetry reduction.

This work is supported by the European FP 7 project CONNECT (IST 231167).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Aarts, F., Jonsson, B., Uijen, J.: Generating Models of Infinite-State Communication Protocols Using Regular Inference with Abstraction. In: Petrenko, A., Simão, A., Maldonado, J.C. (eds.) ICTSS 2010. LNCS, vol. 6435, pp. 188–204. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Ammons, G., Bodik, R., Larus, J.: Mining specifications. In: Proc. 29th ACM Symp. on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 4–16 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Angluin, D.: Learning regular sets from queries and counterexamples. Information and Computation 75(2), 87–106 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Berg, T., Jonsson, B., Raffelt, H.: Regular Inference for State Machines Using Domains with Equality Tests. In: Fiadeiro, J.L., Inverardi, P. (eds.) FASE 2008. LNCS, vol. 4961, pp. 317–331. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Broy, M., Jonsson, B., Katoen, J.-P., Leucker, M., Pretschner, A. (eds.): Model-Based Testing of Reactive Systems. LNCS, vol. 3472. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Cassel, S., Howar, F., Jonsson, B., Merten, M., Steffen, B.: A Succinct Canonical Register Automaton Model. In: Bultan, T., Hsiung, P.-A. (eds.) ATVA 2011. LNCS, vol. 6996, pp. 366–380. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Clarke, E.M., Grumberg, O., Peled, D.: Model Checking. MIT Press (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ernst, M.D., Perkins, J.H., Guo, P.J., McCamant, S., Pacheco, C., Tschantz, M.S., Xiao, C.: The Daikon system for dynamic detection of likely invariants. Science of Computer Programming 69(1-3), 35–45 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Hagerer, A., Hungar, H., Niese, O., Steffen, B.: Model Generation by Moderated Regular Extrapolation. In: Kutsche, R.-D., Weber, H. (eds.) FASE 2002. LNCS, vol. 2306, pp. 80–95. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Howar, F., Steffen, B., Merten, M.: Automata Learning with Automated Alphabet Abstraction Refinement. In: Jhala, R., Schmidt, D. (eds.) VMCAI 2011. LNCS, vol. 6538, pp. 263–277. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Huima, A.: Implementing Conformiq Qtronic. In: Petrenko, A., Veanes, M., Tretmans, J., Grieskamp, W. (eds.) TestCom/FATES 2007. LNCS, vol. 4581, pp. 1–12. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Hungar, H., Niese, O., Steffen, B.: Domain-Specific Optimization in Automata Learning. In: Hunt Jr., W.A., Somenzi, F. (eds.) CAV 2003. LNCS, vol. 2725, pp. 315–327. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Jonsson, B., Parrow, J.: Deciding bisimulation equivalences for a class of non-finite-state programs. Information and Computation 107(2), 272–302 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Kaminski, M., Francez, N.: Finite-memory automata. Theoretical Computer Science 134(2), 329–363 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Lo, D., Maoz, S.: Scenario-based and value-based specification mining: better together. In: 25th IEEE/ACM Int. Conf. on Automated Software Engineering, ASE 2010, Antwerp, Belgium, pp. 387–396. ACM (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lorenzoli, D., Mariani, L., Pezzè, M.: Automatic generation of software behavioral models. In: Proc. ICSE 2008: 30th Int. Conf. on Software Enginering, pp. 501–510 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mariani, L., Pezzé, M.: Dynamic detection of COTS components incompatibility. IEEE Software 24(5), 76–85 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Merten, M., Steffen, B., Howar, F., Margaria, T.: Next Generation LearnLib. In: Abdulla, P.A., Leino, K.R.M. (eds.) TACAS 2011. LNCS, vol. 6605, pp. 220–223. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Rivest, R.L., Schapire, R.E.: Inference of finite automata using homing sequences. Information and Computation 103(2), 299–347 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Saint-Andre, P.: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging and Presence. RFC 6121 (Proposed Standard) (March 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sakamoto, H.: Learning Simple Deterministic Finite-Memory Automata. In: Li, M. (ed.) ALT 1997. LNCS, vol. 1316, pp. 416–431. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Shu, G., Lee, D.: Testing security properties of protocol implementations - a machine learning based approach. In: Proc. ICDCS 2007, 27th IEEE Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems, Toronto, Ontario. IEEE Computer Society (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Steffen, B., Howar, F., Merten, M.: Introduction to Active Automata Learning from a Practical Perspective. In: Bernardo, M., Issarny, V. (eds.) SFM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6659, pp. 256–296. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Tretmans, J.: Model-Based Testing and Some Steps towards Test-Based Modelling. In: Bernardo, M., Issarny, V. (eds.) SFM 2011. LNCS, vol. 6659, pp. 297–326. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Wolper, P.: Expressing interesting properties of programs in propositional temporal logic (extended abstract). In: Proc. 13th ACM Symp. on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 184–193 (January 1986)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Howar, F., Steffen, B., Jonsson, B., Cassel, S. (2012). Inferring Canonical Register Automata. In: Kuncak, V., Rybalchenko, A. (eds) Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation. VMCAI 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7148. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27940-9_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27940-9_17

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-27939-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27940-9

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics