Abstract
Graph coloring has been applied in a variety of applications, but not for data hiding. Therefore, in this paper, we are proposing two graph coloring-based data hiding schemes that embed secret data in spatial domain of gray scale images. The main idea of our schemes is to use a graph, in which every vertex corresponds to a pixel pair, to hide data by replacing a pair of pixels of one color with a pair of pixels of a different color, with every color corresponding to some bits of the secret message. The performance of the proposed schemes has been evaluated by a joint evaluation of the imperceptibility of the images they produce and their embedding capacity. Also, the validity of the proposed schemes has been proven by comparing them with some other schemes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Duric, Z., Jacobs, M., Jajodia, S.: Information hiding: steganography and steganalysis, vol. 24, pp. 171–187. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2005)
Chang, C.-C., Lin, C.-Y., Wang, Y.-Z.: New image steganographic methods using run-length approach. Information Sciences 176(22), 3393–3408 (2006)
Chan, C.-K., Cheng, L.-M.: Hiding data in images by simple LSB substitution. Pattern Recognition 37(3), 469–474 (2004)
Thien, C.-C., Lin, J.-C.: A simple and high-hiding capacity method for hiding digit-by-digit data in images based on modulus function. Pattern Recognition 36(12), 2875–2881 (2003)
Yang, C.-H.: Inverted pattern approach to improve image quality of information hiding by LSB substitution. Pattern Recognition 41(8), 2674–2683 (2008)
Luo, X.-Y., Wang, D.-S., Wang, P., Liu, F.-L.: A review on blind detection for image steganography. Signal Processing 88(9), 2138–2157 (2008)
Wang, R.-Z., Lin, C.-F., Lin, J.-C.: Image hiding by optimal LSB substitution and genetic algorithm. Pattern Recognition 34(3), 671–683 (2001)
Chang, C.-C., Hsiao, J.-Y., Chan, C.-S.: Finding optimal least-significant-bit substitution in image hiding by dynamic programming strategy. Pattern Recognition 36(7), 1583–1595 (2003)
Yang, C.-H., Weng, C.-Y., Wang, S.-J., Sun, H.-M.: Adaptive data hiding in edge areas of images with spatial LSB domain systems. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 3(3), 488–497 (2008)
Wu, D.-C., Tsai, W.-H.: A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing. Pattern Recognition Letters 24(9-10), 1613–1626 (2003)
Wu, H.-C., Wu, N.-I., Tsai, C.-S., Hwang, M.-S.: Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods, Vision, Image and Signal Processing. IEE Proceedings 152(5), 611–615 (2005)
Yang, C.-H., Wang, S.-J., Weng, C.-Y.: Analyses of pixel-value-differencing schemes with LSB replacement in stegonagraphy. Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 1, 445–448 (2007)
Wang, C.-M., Wu, N.-I., Tsai, C.-S., Hwang, M.-S.: A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function. Journal of Systems and Software 81(1), 150–158 (2008)
Hsiao, J.-Y., Chang, C.-T.: An adaptive steganographic method based on the measurement of just noticeable distortion profile. Image and Vision Computing (in press, corrected proof)
Yanez, J., Ramirez, J.: The robust coloring problem. European Journal of Operational Research 148(3), 546–558 (2003)
Guruswami, V., Khanna, S.: On the hardness of 4-coloring a 3-collorable graph. In: IEEE Conference on Computational Complexity Proceedings, pp. 188–197 (2000)
Cui, G., Qin, L., Liu, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Cao, X.: Modified pso algorithm for solving planar graph coloring problem. Progress in Natural Science 18(3), 353–357 (2008)
Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.: Particle swarm optimization. In: IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks Proceedings, vol. 4, pp. 1942–1948 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Yue, S., Wang, ZH., Chang, CY., Chang, CC., Li, MC. (2011). Image Data Hiding Schemes Based on Graph Coloring. In: Hsu, CH., Yang, L.T., Ma, J., Zhu, C. (eds) Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing. UIC 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6905. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23641-9_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23641-9_38
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-23640-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-23641-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)