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Echinoderms from Argentina: Biodiversity, Distribution and Current State of Knowledge

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Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America

Abstract

This chapter reviews the research on echinoderms that occur in the waters of Argentina. One hundred and thirty-four echinoderm species have been recorded. Two species of Crinoidea, 58 Asteroidea, 32 Ophiuroidea, 16 Echinoidea, and 26 species of Holothuroidea. The variety of marine environments and the main oceanographic processes in the region are described. Comprehensive information regarding historical and recent echinoderm research is included. A review of the biological, ecological, and chemical research of species inhabiting the Argentine Sea is also presented. Until recently studies on echinoderms in Argentina were very limited. Further studies should be carried out to increase knowledge of the biology and ecology of the fauna. In addition, systematic and phylogenetic studies of Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Holothuroidea are needed. Echinoderm fisheries have been sporadic occurring only in the Beagle Channel, especially for the local market. Benthic disturbance resulting from bottom trawling fisheries at various localities seems to be a major threat to echinoderms in the Argentine Sea.

Resumen

En este capítulo se lleva a cabo una revisión de la investigación realizada sobre los equinodermos que habitan aguas de Argentina. De un total de 134 especies registradas, dos pertenecen a la Clase Crinoidea, 58 a Asteroidea, 32 a Ophiuroidea, 16 a Echinoidea y 26 a Holothuroidea. En este trabajo se describe la variedad de ecosistemas marinos y los procesos oceanográficos más importantes de la región. A su vez, se realiza una revisión de los estudios históricos y actuales obtenidos en campañas oceanográficas. Se sintetiza la información sobre aspectos biológicos, ecológicos y químicos de las especies estudiadas a la fecha. Hasta recientemente los estudios sobre equinodermos en la Argentina eran escasos. Futuros estudios son necesarios para incrementar el conocimiento sobre la biología y ecología de las especies, así como de aspectos sistemáticos y filogenéticos de las Clases Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea y Holothuroidea. Las pesquerías de equinodermos en el Mar Argentino han sido esporádicas, únicamente en el Canal Beagle, y enfocadas en el mercado interno. El disturbio realizado por la pesca de arrastre en diferentes localidades del Mar Argentino parece ser la mayor amenaza para este Filo.

Martín I. Brogger, Damián G. Gil, Tamara Rubilar These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Acknowledgments

The present chapter was greatly improved with the valuable comments on the manuscript of five reviewers: J Lawrence, D Pawson, P Lambert, J Pearse, and J Cortés. We would like to thank them for kindly reviewing the manuscript and for their useful suggestions. We are very grateful to all Argentinean researchers who contributed to increase the knowledge about this phylum in the region. A special recognition must be done to the Institutions and the directors for helping us conduct research on echinoderms. Thank you very much to P Penchaszadeh, H Zaixso, C Pastor de Ward, C Bremec, J Calvo, and to the late A Seldes and I Bernasconi.

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Brogger, M.I. et al. (2013). Echinoderms from Argentina: Biodiversity, Distribution and Current State of Knowledge. In: Alvarado, J., Solis-Marin, F. (eds) Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20051-9_11

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