Abstract
The short term standard defined by the European Union (Directive 2008/50/EC) (European Parliament, Council of the European Union 2008) for particulate matter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) is violated in many European cities (Querol et al. 2004; Van Dingenen et al. 2004), therefore the current air quality status of PM10 is under investigation in many countries, in particular to understand the source terms of the particulate matter and to propose a catalogue of measures to avoid further exceeding of the limiting value. For a targeted reduction of PM10 levels, detailed knowledge of sources and their respective contribution to the PM levels is required.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Allen J, Mayo P, Hughes L, Salmon L, Cass G (2001) Emissions of size-segregated aerosols from on-road vehicles in the Caldecott tunnel. Environ Sci Technol 35:4189–4197
Artelt S, Kock H, König H, Levsen K, Rosner G (1999) Engine dynamometer experiments: platinum emissions from differently aged three-way catalytic converters. Atmos Environ 33:3559–3567
Barbante C, Veysseyre A, Ferrari C, Van de Velde K, Morel C, Capodaglio G, Cescon P, Scarponi G, Boutron C (2001) Greenland snow evidence of large scale atmospheric contamination for platinum, palladium and rhodium. Environ Sci Technol 35:835–839
Baumgard K, Johnson J (1996) The effect of fuel and engine design on diesel exhaust particle size distributions. Society of Automotive Engineers Technical Paper 960131, SAE, Warrendale, PA, pp 37–50
Cadle SH, Mulawa PA, Ball J, Donase C, Weibel A, Sagebiel JC, Knapp K, Snow R (1997) Particulate emission rates from in use high emitting vehicles recruited in Orange County, California. Environ Sci Technol 31:3405–3412
Cadle S, Mulawa P, Hunsanger E, Nelson K, Ragazzi R, Barrett R, Gallagher G, Lawson D, Knapp K, Snow R (1999) Composition of light-duty motor vehicle exhaust particulate matter in the Denver, Colorado area. Environ Sci Technol 33:2328–2339
Cal-Prieto M, Carlosena A, Andrade J, Martinez M, Muniategui S, Lopez-Mahia P, Prada D (2001) Antimony as a tracer of the anthropogenic influence on soils and estuarine sediments. Water Air Soil Pollut 129:333–348
Chow J, Watson J, Lowenthal D, Countess R (1996) Sources and chemistry of PM10 aerosol in Santa Barbara County, CA. Atmos Environ 30:1489–1499
Dietl C, Reifenhäuser W, Peichl L (1997) Association of antimony with traffic-occurrence in airborne dust, deposition and accumulation in standardized grass cultures. Sci Total Environ 205:235–244
European Parliament, Council of the European Union (2008) Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Official Journal of the European Union L152/1
Fraser M, Cass G, Simoneit B (1998) Gas-phase and particle-phase organic compounds emitted from motor vehicle traffic in a Los Angeles roadway tunnel. Environ Sci Technol 32:2051–2060
Fraser M, Cass G, Simoneit B (1999) Particulate organic compounds emitted from motor vehicle exhaust in the atmosphere. Atmos Environ 33:2715–2724
Garg B, Cadle S, Mulawa P, Groblicki P, Laroo C, Parr G (2000) Brake wear particulate matter emissions. Environ Sci Technol 34:4463–4469
Gillies J, Gertler A, Sagebiel J, Dippel W (2001) On-road particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) emissions in the Sepulveda Tunnel, Los Angeles, California. Environ Sci Technol 35:1054–1063
Grieshop A, Lipsky E, Pekney N, Takahama S, Robinson A (2006) Fine particle emission factors from vehicles in a highway tunnel: effects of fleet composition and season. Atmos Environ 40:287–298
Handler M, Puls C, Zbiral J, Marr I, Puxbaum H, Limbeck A (2008) Size and composition of particulate emissions from motor vehicles in the Kaisermühlen-Tunnel, Vienna. Atmos Environ 42:2173–2186
He L, Hu M, Zhang Y, Huang X, Yao T (2008) Fine particle emissions from on-road vehicles in the Zhujiang Tunnel, China. Environ Sci Technol 42:4461–4466
Huang X, Olmez I, Aras N, Gordon G (1994) Emissions of trace elements from motor vehicles: potential marker elements and source composition profile. Atmos Environ 28:1385–1391
Jamriska M, Morawska L, Thomas S, He C (2004) Diesel bus emissions measured in a tunnel study. Environ Sci Technol 38:6701–6709
Kleeman M, Hughes L, Allen J, Cass G (2000a) Source contributions to the size and composition distribution of atmospheric particles: southern California in September 1996. Environ Sci Technol 33:4331–4341
Kleeman M, Schauer J, Cass G (2000b) Size and composition distribution of fine particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles. Environ Sci Technol 34:1132–1142
Kupiainen K, Tervahattu H, Raeisaenen M, Maekelae T, Aurela M, Hillamo R (2005) Size and composition of airborne particles from pavement wear, tires, and traction sanding. Environ Sci Technol 39:699–706
Limbeck A, Puls C, Handler M (2007) Platinum and palladium emissions from on-road vehicles in the Kaisermühlen tunnel (Vienna, Austria). Environ Sci Technol 41:4938–4945
Lough G, Schauer J, Park J, Shafer M, Deminter J, Weinstein J (2005) Emissions of metals associated with motor vehicle roadways. Environ Sci Technol 39:826–836
Lowenthal D, Zielinska B, Chow J, Watson J, Gautam M, Ferguson D, Neuroth G, Stevens K (1994) Characterization of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions. Atmos Environ 28:731–743
Lutgens F, Tarbuck E (2000) Essentials of geology, 7th edn. Prentice Hall, New York
Moldovan M, Gomez M, Palacios M (1999) Determination of platinum, rhodium and palladium in car exhaust fumes. J Anal At Spectrom 14:1163–1169
Moldovan M, Palacios MA, Gomez MM, Morrison GM, Rauch S, McLeod C, Ma R, Caroli S, Alimonti A, Petrucci F, Bocca B, Schramel P, Zischka M, Pettersson C, Wass U, Luna M, Saenz JC, Santamarıa J (2002) Environmental risk of particulate and soluble platinum group elements released from gasoline and diesel engine catalytic converters. Sci Total Environ 296:199–208
Moosmüller H, Gillies J, Rogers C, DuBois D, Chow J, Watson J, Langston R (1998) Particulate emission rates for unpaved shoulders along a paved road. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 5:398–407
Mulawa P, Cadle S, Knapp K, Zweidinger R, Snow R, Lucas R, Goldbach J (1997) Effect of ambient temperature and E-10 fuel on primary exhaust particulate matter emissions from light-duty vehicles. Environ Sci Technol 31:1302–1307
Nicholson K, Branson J, Giess P, Cannell R (1989) The effects of vehicle activity on particle resuspension. J Aerosol Sci 20:1425–1428
Pakkanen T, Hillamo R, Keronen P, Maenhaut W, Ducastel G, Pacyna J (1996) Sources and physico-chemical characteristics of the atmospheric aerosol in Southern Norway. Atmos Environ 30:1391–1405
Pakkanen T, Kerminen V, Loukkola K, Hillamo R, Aarnio P, Koskentalo T, Maenhaut W (2003) Size distributions of mass and chemical components in street level and rooftop PM1 particles in Helsinki. Atmos Environ 37:1673–1690
Pierson W, Brachaczek W (1983) Particulate matter associated with vehicles on the road. Aerosol Sci Technol 2:1–40
Pierson W, Gertler A, Robinson N, Sagebiel J, Zielinska B, Bishop G, Stedman D, Zweidinger R, Ray W (1996) Real-world automotive emissions summary of studies in the Fort McHenry and Tuscarora Mountain Tunnels. Atmos Environ 30:2233–2256
Puxbaum H, Rendl J, Allabashi R, Otter L, Scholes M (2000) Mass balance of the atmospheric aerosol in a South African subtropical savanna (Nylsvley, May 1007). J Geograph Res 105:20697–20706
Querol X, Alastuey A, Ruiz C, Artinano B, Hansson H, Harrison R, Buringh E, ten Brink H, Lutz M, Bruckmann P, Straehl P, Schneider J (2004) Speciation and origin of PM10 and PM2.5 in selected European cities. Atmos Environ 38:6547–6555
Ristovski Z, Morawksa L, Bofinger N, Hitchins J (1998) Submicrometer and supermicrometer particulate emission from spark ignition vehicles. Environ Sci Technol 32:3845–3852
Rogge W, Hildemann L, Mazurek M, Cass G, Simoneit B (1993a) Sources of fine organic aerosol: 2. Non-catalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy duty diesel trucks. Environ Sci Technol 27:636–651
Rogge W, Hildemann L, Mazurek M, Cass G, Simoneit B (1993b) Sources of fine organic aerosol: 3. Road dust, tire debris, and organometallic brake lining dust: roads as sources and sinks. Environ Sci Technol 27:1892–1904
Sagebiel J, Zielinska B, Walsh P, Chow J, Cadle S, Mulawa P, Knapp K, Zweidinger R (1997) PM-10 exhaust samples collected during IM-240 dynamometer tests of in service vehicles in Nevada. Environ Sci Technol 31:75–83
Sánchez-Ccoyllo O, Ynoue R, Martins L, Astolfo A, Miranda R, Freitas E, Borges A, Fornaro A, Freitas H, Moreira A, Andrade M (2009) Vehicular particulate matter emissions in road tunnels in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Environ Monit Assess 149:241–249
Schäfer J, Eckhardt J, Berner Z, Stüben D (1999) Time-dependant increase of traffic-emitted platinum-group elements (PGE) in different environmental compartments. Environ Sci Technol 33:3166–3170
Schauer J, Rogge W, Hildemann L, Mazurek M, Cass G, Simoneit B (1996) Source apportionment of airborne particulate matter using organic compounds as tracers. Atmos Environ 30:3837–3855
Sörme L, Bergbäck B, Lohm U (2001) Goods in the anthroposphere as a metal emissions source—a case study of Stockholm, Sweden. Water Air Soil Pollut 1:213–227
Sternbeck J, Sjodin A, Andreasson K (2002) Metal emissions from road traffic and the influence of resuspensions. Results from two tunnel studies. Atmos Environ 36:4735–4744
Valiulis D, Ceburnis D, Sakalys J, Kvietkus K (2002) Estimation of atmospheric trace metal emissions in Vilnius City, Lithuania, using vertical concentration gradient and road tunnel measurement data. Atmos Environ 36:6001–6014
Van Dingenen et al (2004) A European aerosol phenomenology-1: physical characteristics of particulate matter at kerbside, urban, rural and background sites in Europe. Atmos Environ 38:2561–2577
Weingartner E, Keller C, Stahel W, Burtscher H, Baltensperger U (1997) Aerosol emission in a road tunnel. Atmos Environ 31:451–462
Young T, Heeraman D, Sirin G, Ashbaugh L (2002) Resuspension of soil as a source of airborne lead near industrial facilities and highways. Environ Sci Technol 36:2484–2490
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Limbeck, A., Puls, C. (2010). Particulate Emissions from On-Road Vehicles. In: Zereini, F., Wiseman, C. (eds) Urban Airborne Particulate Matter. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12278-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12277-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12278-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)