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Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models pp 381–493Cite as

The Pros and Cons of Diffusion, Filters and Fixers in Atmospheric General Circulation Models

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Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering ((LNCSE,volume 80))

Abstract

All atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) need some form of dissipation, either explicitly specified or inherent in the chosen numerical schemes for the spatial and temporal discretizations. This dissipation may serve many purposes, including cleaning up numerical noise generated by dispersion errors or computational modes, and the Gibbs ringing in spectral models. Damping processes might also be used to crudely represent subgrid Reynolds stresses, eliminate undesirable noise due to poor initialization or grid-scale forcing from the physics parameterizations, cover up weak computational stability, damp tracer variance, and prevent the accumulation of potential enstrophy or energy at the smallest grid scales. This chapter critically reviews the wide selection of dissipative processes in GCMs. They are the explicitly added diffusion and hyper-diffusion mechanisms, divergence damping, vorticity damping, external mode damping, sponge layers, spatial and temporal filters, inherent diffusion properties of the numerical schemes, and a posteriori fixers used to restore lost conservation properties. All theoretical considerations are supported by many practical examples from a wide selection of GCMs. The examples utilize idealized test cases to isolate causes and effects, and thereby highlight the pros and cons of the diffusion, filters and fixers in GCMs.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Jerry Olson (NCAR) for developing the required semi-Lagrangian CAM 3.1 codes and for running the experiments required in Sects. ?? and ??. We would also like to thank Mike Blackburn (University of Reading) for discussions on the University of Reading spectral model and for pointing out relevant papers. We thank Fedor Mesinger (NCEP) and the second reviewer for their very insightful suggestions. DLW was partially supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-97ER62402. CJ was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Award No. DE-FG02-07ER64446. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.

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  1. Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA

    Christiane Jablonowski

  2. National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA

    David L. Williamson

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  1. Atmospheric Research, Dept. Climate/Global Dyn., National Center for, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    Peter Lauritzen

  2. Dept. Atmospheric, Oceanic &, Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Hayward St. 2455, Ann Arbor, 48109, Michigan, USA

    Christiane Jablonowski

  3. Organization 1433, MS-0370, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA

    Mark Taylor

  4. (NCAR), Inst. for Mathematics Applied to, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA

    Ramachandran Nair

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Jablonowski, C., Williamson, D.L. (2011). The Pros and Cons of Diffusion, Filters and Fixers in Atmospheric General Circulation Models. In: Lauritzen, P., Jablonowski, C., Taylor, M., Nair, R. (eds) Numerical Techniques for Global Atmospheric Models. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol 80. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11640-7_13

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