Skip to main content

The DLV Project: A Tour from Theory and Research to Applications and Market

  • Conference paper
Logic Programming (ICLP 2008)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 5366))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

DLV is one of the most succesful and widely used ASP systems. It is based on stable model semantics, and supports a powerful language extending Disjunctive Logic Programming with many expressive constructs, including aggregates, strong and weak constraints, functions, lists, and sets. In this paper, we describe the long tour from basic research on languages and semantics, studies on algorithms and complexity, design and implementation of prototypes, up to the realization of a powerful and efficient system, which won the last ASP competition, is employed in industrial applications, and is even ready for marketing and commercial distribution. We report on the experience we got in more than twelve years of work in the DLV project, focusing on most recent developments, industrial applications, trends, and market perspectives.

Supported by M.I.U.R. within projects “Potenziamento e Applicazioni della Programmazione Logica Disgiuntiva” and “Sistemi basati sulla logica per la rappresentazione di conoscenza: estensioni e tecniche di ottimizzazione.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Minker, J.: On Indefinite Data Bases and the Closed World Assumption. In: Loveland, D.W. (ed.) CADE 1982. LNCS, vol. 138, pp. 292–308. Springer, Heidelberg (1982)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: The Stable Model Semantics for Logic Programming. In: ICLP/SLP 1988, pp. 1070–1080. MIT Press, Cambridge (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gelfond, M., Lifschitz, V.: Classical Negation in Logic Programs and Disjunctive Databases. NGC 9, 365–385 (1991)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Eiter, T., Gottlob, G., Mannila, H.: Disjunctive Datalog. ACM TODS 22(3), 364–418 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Gebser, M., Liu, L., Namasivayam, G., Neumann, A., Schaub, T., Truszczyński, M.: The first answer set programming system competition. In: Baral, C., Brewka, G., Schlipf, J. (eds.) LPNMR 2007. LNCS, vol. 4483, pp. 3–17. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: The Diagnosis Frontend of the dlv System. AI Communications 12(1-2), 99–111 (1999)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G., Polleres, A.: A Logic Programming Approach to Knowledge-State Planning, II: the DLV\(^{\cal K}\) System. AI 144(1-2), 157–211 (2003)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G., Polleres, A.: Answer Set Planning under Action Costs. In: Flesca, S., Greco, S., Leone, N., Ianni, G. (eds.) JELIA 2002. LNCS, vol. 2424, pp. 186–197. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Perri, S., Scarcello, F., Leone, N.: Abductive Logic Programs with Penalization: Semantics, Complexity and Implementation. TPLP 5(1-2), 123–159 (2005)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Ruffolo, M., Manna, M., Gallucci, L., Leone, N., Saccà, D.: A Logic-Based Tool for Semantic Information Extraction. In: Fisher, M., van der Hoek, W., Konev, B., Lisitsa, A. (eds.) JELIA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4160, pp. 506–510. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Ricca, F., Leone, N.: Disjunctive Logic Programming with types and objects: The DLV +  System. Journal of Applied Logics 5(3), 545–573 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Ricca, F., Leone, N., De Bonis, V., Dell’Armi, T., Galizia, S., Grasso, G.: A DLP System with Object-Oriented Features. In: Baral, C., Greco, G., Leone, N., Terracina, G. (eds.) LPNMR 2005. LNCS, vol. 3662, pp. 432–436. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Leone, N., Perri, S., Scarcello, F.: Improving ASP Instantiators by Join-Ordering Methods. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS, vol. 2173, pp. 280–294. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Faber, W., Greco, G., Leone, N.: Magic Sets and their Application to Data Integration. JCSS 73(4), 584–609 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Cumbo, C., Faber, W., Greco, G.: Enhancing the magic-set method for disjunctive datalog programs. In: Demoen, B., Lifschitz, V. (eds.) ICLP 2004. LNCS, vol. 3132. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Experimenting with Heuristics for Answer Set Programming. In: IJCAI 2001, pp. 635–640 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Perri, S., Scarcello, F., Catalano, G., Leone, N.: Enhancing DLV instantiator by backjumping techniques. AMAI 51(2-4), 195–228 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Faber, W., Leone, N., Ricca, F.: Heuristics for Hard ASP Programs. In: IJCAI 2005, pp. 1562–1563 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ricca, F., Faber, W., Leone, N.: A Backjumping Technique for Disjunctive Logic Programming. AI Communications 19(2), 155–172 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Leone, N., Perri, S., Scarcello, F.: BackJumping Techniques for Rules Instantiation in the DLV System. In: NMR 2004, pp. 258–266 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Calimeri, F., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Pruning Operators for Disjunctive Logic Programming Systems. Fundamenta Informaticae 71(2-3), 183–214 (2006)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Terracina, G., Leone, N., Lio, V., Panetta, C.: Experimenting with recursive queries in database and logic programming systems. TPLP 8, 129–165 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  23. Terracina, G., De Francesco, E., Panetta, C., Leone, N.: Enhancing a DLP system for advanced database applications. In: Calvanese, D., Lausen, G. (eds.) RR 2008. LNCS, vol. 5341, pp. 119–134. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Eiter, T., Ianni, G., Schindlauer, R., Tompits, H.: A Uniform Integration of Higher-Order Reasoning and External Evaluations in Answer Set Programming. In: IJCAI 2005, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 90–96 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Leone, N., Lio, V., Terracina, G.: DLV DB: Adding Efficient Data Management Features to ASP. In: Lifschitz, V., Niemelä, I. (eds.) LPNMR 2004. LNCS, vol. 2923, pp. 341–345. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Calimeri, F., Cozza, S., Ianni, G.: External sources of knowledge and value invention in logic programming. AMAI 50(3-4), 333–361 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Ricca, F.: The DLV Java Wrapper. In: ASP 2003, Messina, Italy, pp. 305–316 (2003), http://CEUR-WS.org/Vol-78/

  28. McCarthy, J.: Programs with Common Sense. In: Proceedings of the Teddington Conference on the Mechanization of Thought Processes, pp. 75–91. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (1959)

    Google Scholar 

  29. McCarthy, J., Hayes, P.J.: Some Philosophical Problems from the Standpoint of Artificial Intelligence. In: Machine Intelligence 4, pp. 463–502. Edinburgh University Press (1969) reprinted in [85]

    Google Scholar 

  30. Minsky, M.: A Framework for Representing Knowledge. In: The Psychology of Computer Vision, pp. 211–277. McGraw-Hill, New York (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lobo, J., Minker, J., Rajasekar, A.: Foundations of Disjunctive Logic Programming. The MIT Press, Cambridge (1992)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Przymusinski, T.C.: Stable Semantics for Disjunctive Programs. NGC 9, 401–424 (1991)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Subrahmanian, V., Nau, D., Vago, C.: WFS + Branch and Bound = Stable Models. IEEE TKDE 7(3), 362–377 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Seipel, D., Thöne, H.: DisLog – A System for Reasoning in Disjunctive Deductive Databases. In: DAISD 1994, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC), pp. 325–343 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pfeifer, G.: Disjunctive Datalog — An Implementation by Resolution. Master’s thesis, TU Wien, Wien, Österreich (1996); Supported by Eiter, T.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Leone, N., Rullo, P., Scarcello, F.: Declarative and Fixpoint Characterizations of Disjunctive Stable Models. In: ILPS 1995, Portland, Oregon, pp. 399–413. MIT Press, Cambridge (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Leone, N., Rullo, P., Scarcello, F.: Disjunctive Stable Models: Unfounded Sets, Fixpoint Semantics and Computation. Information and Computation 135(2), 69–112 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Cadoli, M., Eiter, T., Gottlob, G.: Default Logic as a Query Language. IEEE TKDE 9(3), 448–463 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Eiter, T., Leone, N., Mateis, C., Pfeifer, G., Scarcello, F.: A Deductive System for Nonmonotonic Reasoning. In: Fuhrbach, U., Dix, J., Nerode, A. (eds.) LPNMR 1997. LNCS, vol. 1265, pp. 363–374. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  40. Eiter, T., Leone, N., Mateis, C., Pfeifer, G., Scarcello, F.: The KR System dlv: Progress Report, Comparisons and Benchmarks. In: KR 1998, pp. 406–417 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Niemelä, I., Simons, P.: Efficient Implementation of the Well-founded and Stable Model Semantics. In: ICLP 1996, Bonn, Germany, pp. 289–303. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Cholewiński, P., Marek, V.W., Truszczyński, M.: Default Reasoning System DeReS. In: KR 1996, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 518–528 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Pushing Goal Derivation in DLP Computations. In: Gelfond, M., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G. (eds.) LPNMR 1999. LNCS, vol. 1730, pp. 177–191. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  44. Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Optimizing the Computation of Heuristics for Answer Set Programming Systems. In: Eiter, T., Faber, W., Truszczyński, M. (eds.) LPNMR 2001. LNCS, vol. 2173, pp. 288–301. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Faber, W., Leone, N., Ricca, F.: Solving Hard Problems for the Second Level of the Polynomial Hierarchy: Heuristics and Benchmarks. Intelligenza Artificiale 2(3), 21–28 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Calimeri, F., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Pruning Operators for Answer Set Programming Systems. In: NMR 2002, pp. 200–209 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Koch, C., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Enhancing Disjunctive Logic Programming Systems by SAT Checkers. AI 15(1-2), 177–212 (2003)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  48. Faber, W., Leone, N., Mateis, C., Pfeifer, G.: Using Database Optimization Techniques for Nonmonotonic Reasoning. In: DDLP 1999, pp. 135–139. Prolog Association of Japan (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Eiter, T., Leone, N., Mateis, C., Pfeifer, G., Scarcello, F.: Progress Report on the Disjunctive Deductive Database System dlv. In: Andreasen, T., Christiansen, H., Larsen, H.L. (eds.) FQAS 1998. LNCS, vol. 1495, pp. 148–163. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  50. Buccafurri, F., Leone, N., Rullo, P.: Enhancing Disjunctive Datalog by Constraints. IEEE TKDE 12(5), 845–860 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Faber, W.: Disjunctive Datalog with Strong and Weak Constraints: Representational and Computational Issues. Master’s thesis, TU Wien (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Faber, W., Pfeifer, G., Leone, N., Dell’Armi, T., Ielpa, G.: Design and implementation of aggregate functions in the dlv system. TPLP (accepted for publication, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Recursive aggregates in disjunctive logic programs: Semantics and complexity. In: Alferes, J.J., Leite, J. (eds.) JELIA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3229, pp. 200–212. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  54. Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Semantics and complexity of recursive aggregates in answer set programming. AI (accepted for publication, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Calimeri, F., Faber, W., Leone, N., Perri, S.: Declarative and Computational Properties of Logic Programs with Aggregates. In: IJCAI 2005, pp. 406–411 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Faber, W.: Unfounded Sets for Disjunctive Logic Programs with Arbitrary Aggregates. In: Baral, C., Greco, G., Leone, N., Terracina, G. (eds.) LPNMR 2005. LNCS, vol. 3662, pp. 40–52. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. Calimeri, F., Cozza, S., Ianni, G., Leone, N.: Computable Functions in ASP: Theory and Implementation. In: de la Banda, M.G., Pontelli, E. (eds.) ICLP 2008. LNCS, vol. 5366, pp. 407–424. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Buccafurri, F., Faber, W., Leone, N.: Disjunctive Logic Programs with Inheritance. TPLP 2(3) (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G., Polleres, A.: A Logic Programming Approach to Knowledge-State Planning: Semantics and Complexity. ACM TOCL 5(2), 206–263 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  60. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G., Polleres, A.: Answer Set Planning under Action Costs. JAIR 19, 25–71 (2003)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  61. Delgrande, J.P., Schaub, T., Tompits, H.: A Framework for Compiling Preferences in Logic Programs. TPLP 3(2), 129–187 (2003)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  62. Eiter, T., Faber, W., Leone, N., Pfeifer, G.: Computing Preferred and Weakly Preferred Answer Sets by Meta-Interpretation in Answer Set Programming. In: AAAI 2001 Spring Symposium on ASP, California, USA, pp. 45–52. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pearce, D., Sarsakov, V., Schaub, T., Tompits, H., Woltran, S.: A Polynomial Translation of Logic Programs with Nested Expressions into Disjunctive Logic Programs: Preliminary Report. In: NMR 2002 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Osorio, M., Corona, E.: The A-Pol system. In: Answer Set Programming (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Eiter, T., Lukasiewicz, T., Schindlauer, R., Tompits, H.: Combining Answer Set Programming with Description Logics for the Semantic Web. In: KR 2004, Whistler, Canada, pp. 141–151 (2004); Extended Report RR-1843-03-13, Institut für Informationssysteme, TU Wien (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Eiter, T., Ianni, G., Schindlauer, R., Tompits, H.: Nonmonotonic description logic programs: Implementation and experiments. In: Baader, F., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2004. LNCS, vol. 3452, pp. 511–527. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  67. Eiter, T., Traxler, P., Woltran, S.: An Implementation for Recognizing Rule Replacements in Non-ground Answer-Set Programs. In: Fisher, M., van der Hoek, W., Konev, B., Lisitsa, A. (eds.) JELIA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4160, pp. 477–480. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  68. Eiter, T., Fink, M., Senko, J.: KMonitor - A Tool for Monitoring Plan Execution in Action Theories. In: Baral, C., Greco, G., Leone, N., Terracina, G. (eds.) LPNMR 2005. LNCS, vol. 3662, pp. 416–421. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  69. Eiter, T., Erdem, E., Faber, W., Senko, J.: A Logic-Based Approach to Finding Explanations for Discrepancies in Optimistic Plan Execution. Fundamenta Informaticae 79(1-2), 25–69 (2007)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  70. Eiter, T., Fink, M., Senko, J.: A Tool for Answering Queries on Action Descriptions. In: Fisher, M., van der Hoek, W., Konev, B., Lisitsa, A. (eds.) JELIA 2006. LNCS, vol. 4160, pp. 473–476. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  71. Caroprese, L., Trubitsyna, I., Zumpano, E.: Implementing prioritized reasoning in logic programming. In: ICEIS 2007, pp. 94–100 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Brain, M., Gebser, M., Pührer, J., Schaub, T., Tompits, H., Woltran, S.: Debugging asp programs by means of asp. In: Baral, C., Brewka, G., Schlipf, J. (eds.) LPNMR 2007. LNCS, vol. 4483, pp. 31–43. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  73. Gebser, M., Pührer, J., Schaub, T., Tompits, H.: A Meta-Programming Technique for Debugging Answer-Set Programs. In: AAAI 2008, pp. 448–453. AAAI Press, Menlo Park (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Calimeri, F., Ianni, G., Ielpa, G., Pietramala, A., Santoro, M.C.: A system with template answer set programs. In: Alferes, J.J., Leite, J. (eds.) JELIA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3229, pp. 693–697. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  75. Perri, S., Leone, N.: Parametric connectives in disjunctive logic programming. AI Communications 17(2), 63–74 (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  76. Maratea, M., Ricca, F., Faber, W., Leone, N.: Look-back techniques and heuristics in dlv: Implementation, evaluation and comparison to qbf solvers. Journal of Algorithms in Cognition, Informatics and Logics 63(1-3), 70–89 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  77. Calimeri, F., Perri, S., Ricca, F.: Experimenting with Parallelism for the Instantiation of ASP Programs. Journal of Algorithms in Cognition, Informatics and Logics 63(1-3), 34–54 (2008)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  78. Leone, N., Gottlob, G., Rosati, R., Eiter, T., Faber, W., Fink, M., Greco, G., Ianni, G., Kałka, E., Lembo, D., Lenzerini, M., Lio, V., Nowicki, B., Ruzzi, M., Staniszkis, W., Terracina, G.: The INFOMIX System for Advanced Integration of Incomplete and Inconsistent Data. In: SIGMOD 2005, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, pp. 915–917. ACM Press, New York (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Calimeri, F., Citrigno, M., Cumbo, C., Faber, W., Leone, N., Perri, S., Pfeifer, G.: New dlv features for data integration. In: Alferes, J.J., Leite, J. (eds.) JELIA 2004. LNCS, vol. 3229, pp. 698–701. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  80. Franconi, E., Palma, A.L., Leone, N., Perri, S., Scarcello, F.: Census Data Repair: a Challenging Application of Disjunctive Logic Programming. In: Nieuwenhuis, R., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR 2001. LNCS, vol. 2250, pp. 561–578. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  81. Friedrich, G., Ivanchenko, V.: Diagnosis from first principles for workflow executions. Tech. Rep., http://proserver3-iwas.uni-klu.ac.at/download_area/Technical-Reports/technical_report_2008_02.pdf

  82. Ricca, F., Gallucci, L., Schindlauer, R., Dell’Armi, T., Grasso, G., Leone, N.: OntoDLV: an ASP-based System for Enterprise Ontologies. Journal of Logic and Computation (Forthcoming)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Cumbo, C., Iiritano, S., Rullo, P.: Reasoning-Based Knowledge Extraction for Text Classification. In: Proceedings of Discovery Science, 7th International Conference, Padova, Italy, pp. 380–387 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Curia, R., Ettorre, M., Gallucci, L., Iiritano, S., Rullo, P.: Textual Document Pre-Processing and Feature Extraction in OLEX. In: Proceedings of Data Mining 2005, Skiathos, Greece (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  85. McCarthy, J.: Formalization of Common Sense, papers by John McCarthy edited by V. Lifschitz, Ablex (1990)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Leone, N., Faber, W. (2008). The DLV Project: A Tour from Theory and Research to Applications and Market. In: Garcia de la Banda, M., Pontelli, E. (eds) Logic Programming. ICLP 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 5366. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89982-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89982-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-89981-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-89982-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics