Abstract
Multiplayer online games (MOG) bring HCI into a new era of human-human interactions in computer world. Although current MOG provide more interactivity and social interaction in the virtual world, natural facial expression as a key factor in emulating face to face communications has been neglected by game designers. In this work, we propose a real-time automatic system to recognize players’ facial expressions, so that the recognition results can be used to drive the MOG’s “facial expression engine” instead of “text commands”. Our major contributions are the evaluation, improvement and efficient implementation of existing algorithms to build a real-time system that meets the requirements specifically imposed by MOGs. In particular, we use a smaller number of fixed facial landmarks based on our evaluation to reduce the computational load with little degradation of the recognition performance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
RocResearch: Rocresearch 2004. Technical report, Video Game Industry, RocResearch ltd (2004)
Samal, A., Iyengar, P.A.: Automatic recognition and analysis of human faces and facial expressions: A survey. Pattern Recognition 25, 65–77 (1992)
Fasel, B., Luttin, J.: Automatic facial expression analysis: Survey. Pattern Recognition 36, 259–275 (2003)
Pantic, M., Rothkrantz, L.: Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 22, 1424–1445 (2000)
Tian, Y.L., Kanade, T., Cohn, J.F.: Hand book of face recognition. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Ekman, P.: Emotion in the Human Face. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1982)
Donato, G., Bartlett, M., Hager, J.C., Ekman, P., Sejnowski, T.J.: Classifying facial actions. IEEE Trans.Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 21, 974–989 (1999)
Kouzani, A.Z., He, F., Sammut, K.: Commonsense knowledge-based face detection. In: International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (1997)
Kotropoulos, C., Pitas, I.: Rule-based face detection in frontal views.In: International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. vol. 4, pp. 2537–2540 (1997)
Lu, X., Zheng, N., Zheng, S.: Linear sparse feature based face detection in gray images. In: International Conference on Image Processing (2003)
Han, C.C., Liao, Y.M., Yu, K.C., Chen, L.H.: Fast face detection via morphology-based pre-processing. In: 9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 469–476 (1998)
Viola, Jones.: Robust real time object detection. In: Proceedings, 2nd International Workshop on Statistical and Computational Theories of Vision (2001)
Freund, Y., Schapire, R.E.: A decision-theoretic generalization of online learning and an application to boosting. In: Vitányi, P.M.B. (ed.) EuroCOLT 1995. LNCS, vol. 904, pp. 23–37. Springer, Heidelberg (1995)
Antonin, G., Popovici, V., Thiran, J.P.: Independent component analysis and support vector machine for face feature extraction. In: 4th International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication, pp.111–118 (2003)
Ryu, Y.S., Oh, S.Y.: Automatic extraction of eye and mouth fields from a face image using eigenfeatures and ensemble networks. Applied Intelligence 17, 171–185 (2002)
Colbry, D., Stockman, G., Jain, A.K.: Detection of anchor points for 3d face verification. In: IEEE Workshop on Advanced 3D Imaging for Safety and Security (2005)
Xue, Z., Li, S.Z., Teoh, E.K.: Bayesian shape model for facial feature extraction and recognition. Pattern Recognition 36, 2819–2833 (2003)
Ye, J., Zhan, Y., Song, S.: Facial expression features extraction based on gabor wavelet transformation. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 2215–2219 (2004)
Lyons, M.J., Akamatsu, S., Kamachi, M., Gyoba, J.: Coding facial expression with gabor wavelets. In: Proc. Third IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 200–205 (1998)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zhan, C., Li, W., Safaei, F., Ogunbona, P. (2007). Face to Face Communications in Multiplayer Online Games: A Real-Time System. In: Jacko, J.A. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction. HCI Applications and Services. HCI 2007. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4553. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73111-5_45
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73111-5_45
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-73109-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-73111-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)