Abstract
Based on quantum thermodynamic reasoning even small embedded systems S may well be in thermodynamic equilibrium. This equilibrium depends on the system, here formalized by a parameter γ controlling the spectrum of S and on the embedding, formalized via a parameter α controlling the resulting attractor state for S. Cyclic processes in this α/γ-control space will be investigated and the effects of non-equilibrium studied.
Simple models can be invaluable without being “right” in an engineering sense. Indeed, by such lights, all the best models are wrong. But they are fruitfully wrong. They are illuminating abstractions. I think it was Picasso who said, “Art is a lie that helps us see the truth”
— J. M. Epstein [4]
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Gemmer, J., Michel, M., Mahler, G. (2009). Quantum Thermodynamic Processes. In: Quantum Thermodynamics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 784. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70510-9_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70510-9_25
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