Abstract
So-called “Smart Dust” is envisioned to combine sensing, computing, and wireless communication capabilities in an autonomous, dust-grain-sized device. Dense networks of Smart Dust should then be able to unobtrusively monitor real-world processes with unprecedented quality and scale. In this paper, we present and evaluate a prototype implementation of a system for tracking the location of real-world phenomena (using a toy car as an example) with Smart Dust. The system includes novel techniques for node localization, time synchronization, and for message ordering specifically tailored for large networks of tiny Smart Dust devices. We also point out why more traditional approaches developed for early macro prototypes of Smart Dust (such as the Berkeley Motes) are not well suited for systems based on true Smart Dust.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Akyildiz, I.F., Su, W.: Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Computer Networks 38(4), 393–422 (2002)
Bulusu, N., Heideman, J., Estrin, D.: GPS-less Low Cost Outdoor Localization for Very Small Devices. IEEE Personal Communications 7(5), 28–34 (2000)
Chen, J.C., Yao, K., Hudson, R.E.: Source Localization and Beamforming. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 19(2), 30–39 (2002)
Doherty, L., Pister, K.S.J., Ghaoui, L.E.: Convex Position Estimation inWireless Sensor Networks. In: Infocom 2001, April 2001, Anchorage, Alaska (2001)
Elson, J., Römer, K.: Wireless Sensor Networks:A New Regime for Time Synchronization. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review (CCR) 33(1), 149–154 (2003)
Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H., Collins, J.: Global Positioning System: Theory and Practice, 4th edn. Springer, Heidelberg (1997)
Lamport, L.: Time, Clocks, and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System. Communications of the ACM 21(4), 558–565 (1978)
Li, D., Wong, K.D., Hu, Y.H., Sayeed, A.M.: Detection, Classification, and Tracking of Targets. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 19(2), 17–29 (2002)
Mansouri-Samani, M., Sloman, M.: GEM – A Generalised Event Monitoring Language for Distributed Systems. IEE/IOP/BCS Distributed Systems Engineering Journal 4(25) (February 1997)
Mills, D.L.: Improved algorithms for synchronizing computer network clocks. In: Conference on Communication Architectures (ACM SIGCOMM 1994), London, UK, August 1994, ACM, New York (1994)
Nelson, G.J.: Context-Aware and Location Systems. PhD thesis, University of Cambridge (1998)
Römer, K.: Time Synchronization in Ad Hoc Networks. In: MobiHoc 2001, Long Beach, USA (October 2001)
Römer, K.: The Lighthouse Location System for Smart Dust. In: MobiSys 2003, San Franscisco, USA (May 2003)
Savarese, C., Rabaey, J.M., Langendoen, K.: Robust PositioningAlgorithms for Distributed Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks. In: USENIX Annual Technical Conference, Monterey, USA (June 2002)
Savvides, A., Han, C.C., Srivastava, M.: Dynamic Fine-Grained Localization in Ad-Hoc Networks of Sensors. In: Mobicom 2001, Rome, Italy (July 2001)
Shang, Y., Ruml, W., Zhang, Y., Fromherz, M.: Localization from Mere Connectivity. In: ACM MobiHoc 2003, Annapolis, USA (June 2003)
Shim, Y.C., Ramamoorthy, C.V.: Monitoring and Control of Distributed Systems. In: First Intl. Conference of Systems Integration, Morristown, USA, pp. 672–681 (1990)
Viswanathan, R., Varshney, P.: Distributed Detection with Multiple Sensors: I. Fundamentals. Proceedings of the IEEE 85(1), 54–63 (1997)
Wang, H., Elson, J., Girod, L., Estrin, D., Yao, K.: Target Classification and Localization in Habit Monitoring. In: IEEE ICASSP 2003, Hong Kong, China (April 2003)
Want, R., Hopper, A., Falcao, V., Gibbons, J.: The Active Badge Location System. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 10(1), 91–102 (1992)
Warneke, B., Last, M., Leibowitz, B., Pister, K.S.J.: Smart Dust: Communicating with a Cubic-Millimeter Computer. IEEE Computer Magazine 34(1), 44–51 (2001)
Warneke, B.A., Scott, M.D., Leibowitz, B.S., Zhou, L., Bellew, C.L., Chediak, J.A., Kahn, J.M., Boser, B.E., Pister, K.S.J.: An Autonomous 16 cubic mm Solar-Powered Node for Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE Sensors, Orlando, USA (June 2002)
Whitehouse, K., Culler, D.: Calibration as Parameter Estimation in Sensor Networks. In: Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications (WSNA) 2002, Atlanta, USA (September 2002)
Berkeley Motes, www.xbow.com/Products/Wireless_Sensor_Networks.htm
BTnodes, http://www.inf.ethz.ch/vs/res/proj/smart-its/btnode.html
DCF77 Radio Time Signal, http://www.dcf77.de
The 29 Palms Experiment: Tracking vehicles with an UAV-delivered sensor network, http://tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu/29Palms.htm
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Römer, K. (2004). Tracking Real-World Phenomena with Smart Dust. In: Karl, H., Wolisz, A., Willig, A. (eds) Wireless Sensor Networks. EWSN 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 2920. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24606-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24606-0_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-20825-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-24606-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive