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Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites pp 1–28Cite as

Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites as Pesticides in Agricultural Pest Management

  • Living reference work entry
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Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

In the present day agriculture, crop protection has become an inevitable event to sustain production. Chemical pesticides are considered to be an excellent strategy to any given pest problem, but overreliance on them raised different environmental concerns besides being ineffective due to resistance development. At this juncture, microbial pesticides had emerged as an alternative strategy due to high target specificity and ecological safety. Although a variety of microbes (bacteria, fungi, and nematodes) are commercially available and in the process of development as well, the actual pathogenicity and host killing are achieved by the metabolites they produce. So, it is obvious that the selection of a strain of any given microbes for pest management is a function of pesticidal metabolites it produces and their bioactivity against target pest. With the advances in applied microbiology and genetic engineering, isolation and characterization of bioactive genes and their products of microbial origin had become one of the fast-growing wing of pesticide chemistry. These efforts lead to commercialization of avermectins and spinosad, the biopesticides with metabolites of microbial origin as active ingredients with wider application in pest management. This chapter includes pesticidal (insecticidal, antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal) activities (target pests, modes of action, chemical structures, etc.) of different metabolites produced by diverse pathogenic microorganisms of agricultural importance. The molecular modifications for improving bioactivity, biotechnological approaches, and commercial implications of these microbial origin metabolites are also discussed in view of the existing literature.

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Abbreviations

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

Bt:

Bacillus thuringiensis

CAGR:

Compound annual growth rate

Cry:

Crystal

EPB:

Entomopathogenic bacteria

EPF:

Entomopathogenic fungi

EPN:

Entomopathogenic nematodes

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

GlcNAc:

N-Acetylglucosamine

HSP:

Host-specific phytotoxins

kDa:

Kilodaltons

Mcf:

Makes caterpillars floppy

NHSP:

Non-host-specific phytotoxins

ORF:

Open reading frame

Pir:

Photorhabdus insect related

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

Tc:

Toxin complex

VIP:

Vegetative insecticidal proteins

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. Authors are thankful to Director, ICAR-VPKAS, Almora. The technical support provided by entomology staff of VPKAS is greatly acknowledged.

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  1. ICAR-Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture (ICAR-VPKAS), Almora, India

    A. R. N. S. Subbanna, J. Stanley, H. Rajasekhara, K. K. Mishra, A. Pattanayak & Rakesh Bhowmick

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  1. A. R. N. S. Subbanna
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  2. J. Stanley
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  3. H. Rajasekhara
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  4. K. K. Mishra
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  5. A. Pattanayak
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  6. Rakesh Bhowmick
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Correspondence to A. R. N. S. Subbanna .

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  1. Inst.des Sci.de la Vigne et du Vin, Université de Bordeaux Inst.des Sci.de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Merillon

  2. Botany Department, Mohanlal Sukhadia University Botany Department, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

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Subbanna, A.R.N.S., Stanley, J., Rajasekhara, H., Mishra, K.K., Pattanayak, A., Bhowmick, R. (2019). Perspectives of Microbial Metabolites as Pesticides in Agricultural Pest Management. In: Merillon, JM., Ramawat, K. (eds) Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_44-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76887-8_44-1

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