Abstract
We study ice fracture mechanics based on loading experiments with the floating ice beams with fixed ends. Both natural and model ice properties were investigated. Full-scale field works were performed on sea ice of the Svalbard Archipelago. We also performed model ice studies of two ice types in the Ice Basin of the Krylov State Research Centre (KSRC) in St. Petersburg: fine granule and columnar. In the experiments, an ice beam was cut in the ice cover, both ends of which were kept attached to the surrounding ice sheet. Then a horizontal force perpendicular to the side surface of the beam was applied to the middle section of the beam. For these purposes, the vertical cylindrical indenters with a diameter of 0.15 and 0.02 m were used both in field and model conditions. The indenters provided the force application through the whole ice thickness. The natural ice thickness range from 0.4 to 0.6 m; the model ice was 0.05 m thick. The beam width was almost equal to the ice thickness while the beam length varied from 2 to 8 ice thicknesses. The visual observations and the force-time records allowed tracing qualitative patterns of the beam failure process. We measured the breaking force dependence on the ice type and ice beam geometry. The beam tests described here allowed us to find the relationships of various strength parameters of ice crushing, compressive and tensile strength, as well as to compare the behavior of natural and model ice under identical loading conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The basin has been demounted in 2014.
References
Vershinin, S. A. (1988). Ice action on offshore structures. In Results of science and technology, issue: Water Transport (Vol. 13). Moscow.
Sanderson, T. J. O. (1988). Ice mechanics—Risks to offshore structures. Graham and Trotman.
Schulson, E. M., & Duval, P. (2009). Creep and fracture of ice (p. 417). Cambridge University Press.
Schwarz, J., & Weeks, W. (1977). Engineering properties of sea ice. Journal of Glaciology, 19(81), 499–531.
Sodhi, D. S. (2001). Crushing failure during ice-structure interaction. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 68, 1889–1921.
Timco, G. W., & Weeks, W. F. (2010). A review of the engineering properties of sea ice. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 60, 107–129.
Sodhi, D. S. (1998). Vertical penetration of floating ice sheets. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 35(31–32), 4275–4294.
Marchenko, A., Karulin, E., Chistyakov, P., Sodhi, S., Karulina, M., & Sakharov, A. (2014). Three dimensional fracture effects in tests with cantilever and fixed ends beams. In Proceedings of the 22nd IAHR ice symposium. Singapore, ICE14-1178.
Sakharov, A., Karulin, E., Marchenko, A., Karulina, M., Sodhi, D., & Chistyakov, P. (2015). Failure envelope of the brittle strength of ice in the fixed-end beam test (two scenarios). In Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on port and ocean engineering under Arctic conditions. Trondheim, Norway.
Enkvist, E., & Makinen, S. (1984). A fine-grain model-ice. In Proceedings IAHR ice symposium (Vol. 2, pp. 217–227). Hamburg, Germany.
Evers, K.-U., & Jochmann, P. (1993). An advanced technique to improve the mechanical properties of model ice developed at the HSVA ice tank. In The 12th international conference on port and ocean engineering under arctic conditions, 17–20 August 1993 (Vol. 2, pp. 877–888). Hamburg.
Nortala-Hoikkanen, A. (1990). FGX model ice at the Masa-Yards Arctic Research Centre. In IAHR ice symposium (pp. 247–259). Espoo, Finland.
Timco, G. W. (1986). A new type of model ice for refrigerated towing tanks. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 12, 175–195.
Von Bock und Polach, R., Ehlers, S., & Kujala, P. (2013). Model-scale ice—Part A: Experiments. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 94, 74–81.
Karulin, E., Marchenko, A., Karulina, M., Chistyakov, P., Sakharov, A., Ervik, A., et al. (2014). Field indentation tests of vertical semi-cylinder on first-year ice. In Proceedings of the 22nd IAHR ice symposium 2014. Singapore, ICE14-1125.
Experimental verification of theoretical approach for model ice failure mechanism in ice model basin. (1998). Technical report of KSRI. Issue 39545.
Method of ice cover simulation taking into account fracture toughness of ice. (1990). Technical report of KSRI. Issue 33141.
Shimansky, Yu. A. (1958). Handbook on ships mechanics (Vol. 1, p. 627). Leningrad.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support from UNIS and the Research Council of Norway through the Centre for Research-based Innovation (SAMCoT project).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Karulina, M., Marchenko, A., Sakharov, A., Karulin, E., Chistyakov, P. (2018). Experimental Studies of Sea and Model Ice Fracture Mechanics. In: Velarde, M., Tarakanov, R., Marchenko, A. (eds) The Ocean in Motion. Springer Oceanography. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71934-4_38
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71934-4_38
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71933-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71934-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)