Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

PET/MR Imaging: Current and Emerging Applications pp 9–22Cite as

Technical Improvements

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 633 Accesses

Abstract

In the years 2010–2014, three different whole-body PET/MR hybrid imaging systems from different vendors have been introduced for clinical diagnostic use. Today (2017), about 120 PET/MR systems are installed worldwide. Since the introduction of the novel hybrid method, a broad spectrum of clinical applications has been explored such as neurologic, oncologic, pediatric, cardiac, prostate, and whole-body hybrid imaging applications. While routine clinical work in all these fields is being conducted, technical and methodological PET/MR research is a very dynamic field, further improving the hybrid modality and broadening the clinical and research application spectrum. New methodological developments and refinements in attenuation, truncation, and motion correction for PET/MR further improve overall image quality and PET quantification. The development of new radiofrequency (RF) coils and their implementation into PET/MR systems including attenuation correction allows for the realization of new clinical applications. Recent technical developments now explore the integration of PET/MR imaging into the concept of radiation therapy (RT) planning. The recent efforts in development of artifact correction methods will help to improve PET/MR image quality and PET quantification in patients with implants. Furthermore, based on the overall high sensitivity of PET detectors in PET/MR systems, the potential for reducing the applied tracer dose further while maintaining high image quality is under investigation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aasheim LB, Karlberg A, Goa PE, et al. PET/MR brain imaging: evaluation of clinical UTE-based attenuation correction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42(2015):1439–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Akbarzadeh A, Ay MR, Ahmadian A, Alam NR, Zaidi H. MRI-guided attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MR: assessment of the effect of bone attenuation. Ann Nucl Med. 2013;27:152–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aklan B, Paulus DH, Wenkel E, Braun H, Navalpakkam BK, Ziegler S, Geppert C, Sigmund EE, Melsaether A, Quick HH. Toward simultaneous PET/MR breast imaging: systematic evaluation and integration of a radiofrequency breast coil. Med Phys. 2013;40(2):024301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumgartner CF, Kolbitsch C, Balfour DR, Marsden PK, McClelland JR, Rueckert D, King AP. High-resolution dynamic MR imaging of the thorax for respiratory motion correction of PET using groupwise manifold alignment. Med Image Anal. 2014;18:939–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berker Y, Franke J, Salomon A, Palmowski M, Donker HC, Temur Y, Mottaghy FM, Kuhl C, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Fayad ZA, Kiessling F, Schulz V. MRI-based attenuation correction for hybrid PET/MRI systems: a 4-class tissue segmentation technique using a combined ultrashort-echo-time/Dixon MRI sequence. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:796–804.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer T, Lassen ML, Boellaard R, Delso G, Yaqub M, Sattler B, Quick HH. Investigating the state-of-the-art in whole-body MR-based attenuation correction: an intra-individual, inter-system, inventory study on three clinical PET/MR systems. MAGMA. 2016;29:75–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blumhagen JO, Braun H, Ladebeck R, Fenchel M, Faul D, Scheffler K, Quick HH. Field of view extension and truncation correction for MR-based human attenuation correction in simultaneous MR/PET imaging. Med Phys. 2014;41:022303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blumhagen JO, Ladebeck R, Fenchel M, Scheffler K. MR-based field-of-view extension in MR/PET: B(0) homogenization using gradient enhancement (HUGE). Magn Reson Med. 2012;70:1047–57.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boellaard R, O’Doherty MJ, Weber WA, et al. FDG PET and PET/CT: EANM procedure guidelines for tumor PET imaging—version 1.0. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:181–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boellaard R, Quick HH. Current image acquisition options in PET/MR. Semin Nucl Med. 2015;45:192–200. Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brendle C, Schmidt H, Oergel A, Bezrukov I, Mueller M, Schraml C, Pfannenberg C, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K, Schwenzer N. Segmentation-based attenuation correction in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance: erroneous tissue identification and its impact on positron emission tomography interpretation. Investig Radiol. 2015a;50(5):339–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brendle C, Schmidt H, Oergel A, Bezrukov I, Mueller M, Schraml C, Pfannenberg C, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K, Schwenzer N. Segmentation-based attenuation correction in positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance: erroneous tissue identification and its impact on positron emission tomography interpretation. Investig Radiol. 2015b;50(5):339–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brendle CB, Schmidt H, Fleischer S, Braeuning UH, Pfannenberg CA, Schwenzer NF. Simultaneously acquired MR/PET images compared with sequential MR/PET and PET/CT: alignment quality. Radiology. 2013;268(1):190–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carney JP, Townsend DW, Rappoport V, Bendriem B. Method for transforming CT images for attenuation correction in PET/CT imaging. Med Phys. 2006;33:976–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Catana C. Motion correction options in PET/MRI. Semin Nucl Med. 2015;45:212–23. Review

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Davison H, ter Voert EE, de Galiza Barbosa F, Veit-Haibach P, Delso G. Incorporation of time-of-flight information reduces metal artifacts in simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: a simulation study. Investig Radiol. 2015;50(7):423–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delso G, Furst S, Jakoby B, Ladebeck R, Ganter C, Nekolla SG, et al. Performance measurements of the Siemens mMR integrated whole-body PET/MR scanner. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1914–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delso G, Martinez-Möller A, Bundschuh RA, Ladebeck R, Candidus Y, Faul D, Ziegler SI. Evaluation of the attenuation properties of MR equipment for its use in a whole-body PET/MR scanner. Phys Med Biol. 2010b;55:4361–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delso G, Martinez-Möller A, Bundschuh RA, Nekolla SG, Ziegler SI. The effect of limited MR field of view in MR/PET attenuation correction. Med Phys. 2010a;37:2804–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delso G, Wiesinger F, Sacolick LI, Kaushik SS, Shanbhag DD, Hüllner M, Veit-Haibach P. Clinical evaluation of zero-echo-time MR imaging for the segmentation of the skull. J Nucl Med. 2015;56(3):417–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dillenseger JP, Molière S, Choquet P, Goetz C, Ehlinger M, Bierry G. An illustrative review to understand and manage metal-induced artifacts in musculoskeletal MRI: a primer and updates. Skelet Radiol. 2016;45(5):677–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-016-2338-2. Epub 2016 Feb 2. Review.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dregely I, Lanz T, Metz S, Mueller MF, Kuschan M, Nimbalkar M, Bundschuh RA, Ziegler SI, Haase A, Nekolla SG, Schwaiger M. A 16-channel MR coil for simultaneous PET/MR imaging in breast cancer. Eur Radiol. 2015;25(4):1154–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drzezga A, Souvatzoglou M, Eiber M, Beer AJ, Fürst S, Martinez-Möller A, Nekolla SG, Ziegler S, Ganter C, Rummeny EJ, Schwaiger M. First clinical experience with integrated whole-body PET/MR: comparison to PET/CT in patients with oncologic diagnoses. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:845–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eldib M, Bini J, Calcagno C, Robson PM, Mani V, Fayad ZA. Attenuation correction for flexible magnetic resonance coils in combined magnetic resonance/positron emission tomography imaging. Investig Radiol. 2014;49:63–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eldib M, Bini J, Robson PM, Calcagno C, Faul DD, Tsoumpas C, Fayad ZA. Markerless attenuation correction for carotid MRI surface receiver coils in combined PET/MR imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2015;60:4705–17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fayad H, Schmidt H, Wuerslin C, Visvikis D. Reconstruction-incorporated respiratory motion correction in clinical simultaneous PET/MR imaging for oncology applications. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:884–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuin N, Pedemonte S, Catalano OA, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Heberlein K, Hooker JM, Van Leemput K, Catana C. PET/MRI in the presence of metal implants: completion of the attenuation map from PET emission data. J Nucl Med. 2017;58(5):840–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Fürst S, Grimm R, Hong I, Souvatzoglou M, Casey ME, Schwaiger M, Nekolla SG, Ziegler SI. Motion correction strategies for integrated PET/MR. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:261–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatidis S, Schmidt H, Gücke B, Bezrukov I, Seitz G, Ebinger M, Reimold M, Pfannenberg CA, Nikolaou K, Schwenzer NF, Schäfer JF. Comprehensive oncologic imaging in infants and preschool children with substantially reduced radiation exposure using combined simultaneous 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: a direct comparison to 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Investig Radiol. 2016b;51(1):7–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatidis S, Schmidt H, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K, Schwenzer NF, Schäfer JF. Defining optimal tracer activities in pediatric oncologic whole-body 18F-FDG-PET/MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2016a;43(13):2283–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatidis S, Würslin C, Seith F, Schäfer JF, la Fougère C, Nikolaou K, Schwenzer NF, Schmidt H. Towards tracer dose reduction in PET studies: Simulation of dose reduction by retrospective randomized undersampling of list-mode data. Hell J Nucl Med. 2016c;19(1):15–8. https://doi.org/10.1967/s002449910333. Epub 2016 Mar 1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant AM, Deller TW, Khalighi MM, Maramraju SH, Delso G, Levin CS. NEMA NU 2-2012 performance studies for the SiPM-based ToF-PET component of the GE SIGNA PET/MR system. Med Phys. 2016;43:2334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gratz M, Ruhlmann V, Umutlu L, Fenchel M, Quick HH. Impact of MR-based motion correction on clinical PET/MR data of patients with thoracic pathologies. In Proc. ISMRM 2017, Apr 21–27; Honolulu, HI, USA. 2017 p. 3899.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimm R, Fürst S, Souvatzoglou M, Forman C, Hutter J, Dregely I, Ziegler SI, Kiefer B, Hornegger J, Block KT, Nekolla SG. Self-gated MRI motion modeling for respiratory motion compensation in integrated PET/MRI. Med Image Anal. 2015;19:110–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grodzki DM, Jakob PM, Heismann B. Ultrashort echo time imaging using pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA). Magn Reson Med. 2012;67:510–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunzinger JM, Delso G, Boss A, Porto M, Davison H, von Schulthess GK, Huellner M, Stolzmann P, Veit-Haibach P, Burger IA. Metal artifact reduction in patients with dental implants using multispectral three-dimensional data acquisition for hybrid PET/MRI. EJNMMI Phys. 2014;1(1):102.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hartung-Knemeyer V, Beiderwellen KJ, Buchbender C, Kuehl H, Lauenstein TC, Bockisch A, Poeppel TD. Optimizing positron emission tomography image acquisition protocols in integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Investig Radiol. 2013;48(5):290–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson A, Karlsson M, Nyholm T. CT substitute derived from MRI sequences with ultrashort echo time. Med Phys. 2011;38:2708–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jungmann PM, Agten CA, Pfirrmann CW, Sutter R. Advances in MRI around metal. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.25708. [Epub ahead of print] Review.

  • Kartmann R, Paulus DH, Braun H, Aklan B, Ziegler S, Navalpakkam BK, Lentschig M, Quick HH. Integrated PET/MR imaging: automatic attenuation correction of flexible RF coils. Med Phys. 2013;40:082301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keereman V, Fierens Y, Broux T, De Deene Y, Lonneux M, Vandenberghe S. MRI-based attenuation correction for PET/MRI using ultrashort echo time sequences. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:812–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keereman V, Holen RV, Mollet P, Vandenberghe S. The effect of errors in segmented attenuation maps on PET quantification. Med Phys. 2011;38:6010–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keller SH, Holm S, Hansen AE, Sattler B, Andersen F, Klausen TL, Højgaard L, Kjær A, Beyer T. Image artifacts from MR-based attenuation correction in clinical, whole-body PET/MRI. MAGMA. 2013;26(1):173–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kinahan PE, Townsend DW, Beyer T, Sashin D. Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner. Med Phys. 1998;25:2046–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koesters T, Friedman KP, Fenchel M, Zhan Y, Hermosillo G, Babb J, Jelescu IO, Faul D, Boada FE, Shepherd TM. Dixon sequence with superimposed model-based bone compartment provides highly accurate PET/MR attenuation correction of the brain. J Nucl Med. 2016;57(6):918–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ladefoged CN, Andersen FL, Keller SH, Löfgren J, Hansen AE, Holm S, Højgaard L, Beyer T. PET/MR imaging of the pelvis in the presence of endoprostheses: reducing image artifacts and increasing accuracy through inpainting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40(4):594–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ladefoged CN, Hansen AE, Keller SH, Fischer BM, Rasmussen JH, Law I, Kjær A, Højgaard L, Lauze F, Beyer T, Andersen FL. Dental artifacts in the head and neck region: implications for Dixon-based attenuation correction in PET/MR. EJNMMI Phys. 2015;2(1):8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-015-0112-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ladefoged CN, Hansen AE, Keller SH, Holm S, Law I, Beyer T, Højgaard L, Kjær A, Andersen FL. Impact of incorrect tissue classification in Dixon-based MR-AC: fat-water tissue inversion. EJNMMI Phys. 2014;1(1):101. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-014-0101-0. Epub 2014 Dec 14

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lindemann ME, Oehmigen M, Blumhagen JO, Gratz M, Quick HH. MR-based truncation and attenuation correction in integrated PET/MR hybrid imaging using HUGE with continuous table motion. Med Phys. 2017;44(9):4559–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manber R, Thielemans K, Hutton BF, Barnes A, Ourselin S, Arridge S, O'Meara C, Wan S, Atkinson D. Practical PET respiratory motion correction in clinical PET/MR. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:890–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez-Moller A, Souvatzoglou M, Delso G, Bundschuh RA, Chefd'hotel C, Ziegler SI, Navab N, Schwaiger M, Nekolla SG. Tissue classification as a potential approach for attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MRI: evaluation with PET/CT data. J Nucl Med. 2009;50:520–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Navalpakkam BK, Braun H, Kuwert T, Quick HH. Magnetic resonance-based attenuation correction for PET/MR hybrid imaging using continuous valued attenuation maps. Investig Radiol. 2013;48:323–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuyts J, Bal G, Kehren F, Fenchel M, Michel C, Watson C. Completion of a truncated attenuation image from the attenuated PET emission data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2013;32:237–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuyts J, Dupont P, Stroobants S, Benninck R, Mortelmans L, Suetens P. Simultaneous maximum a posteriori reconstruction of attenuation and activity distributions from emission sinograms. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1999;18:393–403.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmigen M, Lindemann ME, Gratz M, Kirchner J, Ruhlmann V, Umutlu L, Blumhagen JO, Fenchel M, Quick HH. Impact of improved attenuation correction featuring a bone atlas and truncation correction on PET quantification in whole-body PET/MR. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017 Nov 9. doi:10.1007/s00259-017-3864-4. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Oehmigen M, Lindemann ME, Lanz T, Kinner S, Quick HH. Integrated PET/MR breast cancer imaging: Attenuation correction and implementation of a 16-channel RF coil. Med Phys. 2016;43(8):4808.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oehmigen M, Ziegler S, Jakoby BW, Georgi JC, Paulus DH, Quick HH. Radiotracer dose reduction in integrated PET/MR: implications from national electrical manufacturers association phantom studies. J Nucl Med. 2014;55(8):1361–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus D, Braun H, Aklan B, Quick HH, Simultaneous PET. MR imaging: MR-based attenuation correction of local radiofrequency surface coils. Med Phys. 2012;39:4306–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus DH, Oehmigen M, Grüneisen J, Umutlu L, Quick HH. Whole-body hybrid imaging concept for the integration of PET/MR into radiation therapy treatment planning. Phys Med Biol. 2016;61(9):3504–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus DH, Quick HH. Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging: challenges, methods, and state of the art of hardware component attenuation correction. Investig Radiol. 2016;51:624–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus DH, Quick HH, Geppert C, Fenchel M, Zhan Y, Hermosillo G, Faul D, Boada F, Friedman KP, Koesters T. Whole-body PET/MR imaging: quantitative evaluation of a novel model-based MR attenuation correction method including bone. J Nucl Med. 2015;56:1061–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus DH, Tellmann L, Quick HH. Towards improved hardware component attenuation correction in PET/MR hybrid imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2013;58:8021–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paulus DH, Thorwath D, Schmidt H, Quick HH. Towards integration of PET/MR hybrid imaging into radiation therapy treatment planning. Med Phys. 2014;41(7):072505.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Queiroz MA, Delso G, Wollenweber S, Deller T, Zeimpekis K, Huellner M, de Galiza Barbosa F, von Schulthess G, Veit-Haibach P. Dose Optimization in TOF-PET/MR Compared to TOF-PET/CT. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0128842.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Quick HH. Integrated PET/MR. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;39:243–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quick HH, von Gall C, Zeilinger M, Wiesmüller M, Braun H, Ziegler S, Kuwert T, Uder M, Dörfler A, Kalender WA, Lell M. Integrated whole-body PET/MR hybrid imaging: clinical experience. Investig Radiol. 2013;48:280–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rausch I, Quick HH, Cal-Gonzalez J, Sattler B, Boellaard R, Beyer T. Technical and instrumentational foundations of PET/MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2017;94:A3-A13. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2017.04.004. Epub 2017 Apr 8. Review

  • Robson PM, Dweck MR, Trivieri MG, Abgral R, Karakatsanis NA, Contreras J, Gidwani U, Narula JP, Fuster V, Kovacic JC, Fayad ZA. Coronary Artery PET/MR imaging: feasibility, limitations, and solutions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.029. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Ruhlmann V, Heusch P, Kühl H, Beiderwellen K, Antoch G, Forsting M, Bockisch A, Buchbender C, Quick HH. Potential influence of Gadolinium contrast on image segmentation in MR-based attenuation correction with Dixon sequences in whole-body 18F-FDG PET/MR. MAGMA. 2016;29(2):301–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samarin A, Burger C, Wollenweber SD, Crook DW, Burger IA, Schmid DT, von Schulthess GK, Kuhn FP. PET/MR imaging of bone lesions - implications for PET quantification from imperfect attenuation correction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1154–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sander CY, Keil B, Chonde DB, Rosen BR, Catana C, Wald LL. A 31-channel MR brain array coil compatible with positron emission tomography. Magn Reson Med. 2015;73(6):2363–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm G, Langner J, Hofheinz F, Petr J, Lougovski A, Beuthien-Baumann B, Platzek I, van den Hoff J. Influence and compensation of truncation artifacts in MR-based attenuation correction in PET/MR. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2013;32:2056–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schramm G, Maus J, Hofheinz F, Petr J, Lougovski A, Beuthien-Baumann B, Platzek I, van den Hoff J. Evaluation and automatic correction of metal-implant-induced artifacts in MR-based attenuation correction in whole-body PET/MR imaging. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59(11):2713–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz V, Torres-Espallardo I, Renisch S, Hu Z, Ojha N, Börnert P, Perkuhn M, Niendorf T, Schäfer WM, Brockmann H, Krohn T, Buhl A, Günther RW, Mottaghy FM, Krombach GA. Automatic, three-segment, MR-based attenuation correction for whole-body PET/MR data. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38:138–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seith F, Schmidt H, Kunz J, Kuestner T, Gatidis S, Nikolaou K, la Fougère C, Schwenzer NF. Simulation of tracer dose reduction in 18F-FDG-Positron emission tomography / magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI): Effects on oncologic reading, image quality and artifacts. J Nucl Med. 2017. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.116.184440. pii: jnumed.116.184440. [Epub ahead of print]

  • Sutter R, Ulbrich EJ, Jellus V, Nittka M, Pfirrmann CW. Reduction of metal artifacts in patients with total hip arthroplasty with slice-encoding metal artifact correction and view-angle tilting MR imaging. Radiology. 2012;265(1):204–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot BS, Weinberg EP. MR Imaging with metal-suppression sequences for evaluation of total joint arthroplasty. Radiographics. 2016;36(1):209–25. https://doi.org/10.1148/rg.2016150075. Epub 2015 Nov 20. Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tellmann L, Quick HH, Bockisch A, Herzog H, Beyer T. The effect of MR surface coils on PET quantification in whole-body PET/MR: results from a pseudo-PET/MR phantom study. Med Phys. 2011;38(5):2795–805.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ter Voert EE, Veit-Haibach P, Ahn S, Wiesinger F, Khalighi MM, Levin CS, Iagaru AH, Zaharchuk G, Huellner M, Delso G. Clinical evaluation of TOF versus non-TOF on PET artifacts in simultaneous PET/MR: a dual centre experience. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3619-2. [Epub ahead of print].

  • Tsoumpas C, Buerger C, King AP, Mollet P, Keereman V, Vandenberghe S, Schulz V, Schleyer P, Schaeffter T, Marsden PK. Fast generation of 4D PET-MR data from real dynamic MR acquisitions. Phys Med Biol. 2011;56:6597–613.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsoumpas C, Mackewn JE, Halsted P, King AP, Buerger C, Totman JJ, Schaeffter T, Marsden PK. Simultaneous PET-MR acquisition and MR-derived motion fields for correction of non-rigid motion in PET. Ann Nucl Med. 2010;24:745–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wagenknecht G, Kaiser H-JJ, Mottaghy FM, Herzog H. MRI for attenuation correction in PET: Methods and challenges. Magn Reson Mater Phys Biol Med. 2013;26:99–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesinger F, Sacolick LI, Menini A, Kaushik SS, Ahn S, Veit-Haibach P, Delso G, Shanbhag DD. Zero TE MR bone imaging in the head. Magn Reson Med. 2016;75:107–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiesmüller M, Quick HH, Navalpakkam B, Lell MM, Uder M, Ritt P, Schmidt D, Beck M, Kuwert T, von Gall CC. Comparison of lesion detection and quantitation of tracer uptake between PET from a simultaneously acquiring whole-body PET/MR hybrid scanner and PET from PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40(1):12–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wollenweber SD, Delso G, Deller T, Goldhaber D, Hüllner M, Veit-Haibach P. Characterization of the impact to PET quantification and image quality of an anterior array surface coil for PET/MR imaging. MAGMA. 2014;27:149–59. Review

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wuerslin C, Schmidt H, Martirosian P, Brendle C, Boss A, Schwenzer NF, Stegger L. Respiratory motion correction in oncologic PET using T1-weighted MR imaging on a simultaneous whole-body PET/MR system. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:464–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaidi H, Ojha N, Morich M, Griesmer J, Hu Z, Maniawski P, Ratib O, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Fayad ZA, Shao L. Design and performance evaluation of a whole-body Ingenuity TF PET-MRI system. Phys Med Biol. 2011;56(10):3091–106.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MR Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

    Harald H. Quick Ph.D.

  2. High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Harald H. Quick Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Harald H. Quick Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harald H. Quick Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiolgy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Lale Umutlu

  2. Department of Nuclearmedicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

    Ken Herrmann

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Quick, H.H. (2018). Technical Improvements. In: Umutlu, L., Herrmann, K. (eds) PET/MR Imaging: Current and Emerging Applications . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69641-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69641-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-69640-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-69641-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation