Abstract
This chapter situates the maritime and shipping sector within the dynamic and integrated physical-social-ecological ocean system and the broad and evolving framework of ocean governance, management, and sustainability. While shipping operations occupy a prominent and historic role in the maritime world, ships no longer rule the waves alone. The ocean and coastal margins of the world are indeed vast and extensive, but they are increasingly crowded, competitive, and conflicted. And now we are expanding and intensifying traditional ocean industries and adding new exploitive activities to the mix, all in the pursuit of a “blue economy,” whether reasonable or not, sustainable or otherwise. Our uses and abuses of the ocean to date have seriously compromised the very foundations of the ocean and coastal system and led to growing marine environmental degradation and the consequent costs of an underperforming ocean economy, loss of essential ecosystem goods and services (which largely sustain the former), increased use conflicts, and challenging legal questions.
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Notes
- 1.
Megacities are defined as very large cities, typically those with a population of over 10 million people.
- 2.
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is described as a dynamic process in which a coordinated strategy is developed and implemented for the allocation of environmental, socio-cultural, and institutional resources to achieve the conservation and sustainable use of the coastal zone.
- 3.
The Regional Seas Programme is an international collaborative approach launched in 1974 by UNEP to address the degradation of the seas by neighbouring countries in a collaboration to support the achievement of international environmental and development targets to protect the marine environment and its resources.
- 4.
The UNDP/GEF supported Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) programme is an approach to implementing ecosystem approaches to assessing, managing, recovering and sustaining resources and environments in relatively large areas of ocean space of 200,000 km2 or greater, adjacent to the continents in coastal waters where primary productivity is generally higher than in open ocean waters. Today, there are 64 LMEs defined globally.
- 5.
Regional Fisheries Management Organizations are international bodies established by international agreements or treaties and made up of countries that share a practical and/or financial interest in managing and conserving fish stocks in a particular ocean region.
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Hildebrand, L.P., Bellefontaine, N.A. (2017). Ocean Governance and Sustainability. In: Visvikis, I., Panayides, P. (eds) Shipping Operations Management. WMU Studies in Maritime Affairs, vol 4. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62365-8_11
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